Abstract
A liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) method for measurement of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in maize is described. Aflatoxins (AFs) were extracted from 1 g samples by using tri-portions of acetonitrile/water (80:20, v/v) (10 + 7 + 7 mL), and 2/5 of the extract diluted to 500 mL by water was cleaned up with a 100 mg Carbograph-4 cartridge. After the addition of the internal standard AFM1, the final extract was analyzed by LC/ESI-MS/MS in positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring with a triple-quadrupole instrument. A C(18) column thermostatted at 45 degrees C with a mobile phase gradient of acetonitrile/water with 2 mmol/L ammonium formate was used. Although the matrix suppression effect was negligible, quantitation was achieved by an external calibration procedure using matrix-matched standard solutions to improve accuracy. Sample recoveries at four spiking levels ranged from 81 to 101% (relative standard deviation (RSD) </=12%), and the method quantification limit ranged from 0.1 to 0.6 microg/kg. This method is sensitive, accurate and selective, and can thus be applied as a confirmatory procedure in establishing non-compliance with EU permitted maximum levels (2 microg/kg for aflatoxin B1 and 4 microg/kg for total AFs in corn products). This work also includes an application to samples obtained from retail markets and from experimental trial fields. Of the 48 samples, 15 were found to be contaminated with AFs and, of these, 5 did not comply with European Union legislation (AFB1 </=2 microg/kg).
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
The LC/ESI-MS/MS method for aflatoxins in maize had a method quantification limit of 0.1 to 0.6 microg/kg.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“measurement of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in maize”
e2“the method quantification limit ranged from 0.1 to 0.6 microg/kg”
Claim · model-written summary
Sample recoveries of aflatoxins from maize ranged from 81 to 101% at four spiking levels.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“measurement of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in maize”
e3“Sample recoveries at four spiking levels ranged from 81 to 101%”
Claim · model-written summary
The matrix suppression effect in the maize aflatoxin method was negligible.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“measurement of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in maize”
e4“Although the matrix suppression effect was negligible”
Claim · model-written summary
The LC/ESI-MS/MS method is sensitive, accurate and selective and can be applied as a confirmatory procedure for non-compliance with EU permitted maximum levels in maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“measurement of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in maize”
e5“This method is sensitive, accurate and selective, and can thus be applied as a confirmatory procedure in establishing non-compliance with EU permitted maximum levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Of 48 maize samples from retail markets and trial fields, 15 were contaminated with aflatoxins.
- Outcome
- contaminated with AFse6
- Value
- 15e6
- Qualifier
- Of the 48 samplese6
- Setting
- retail markets and from experimental trial fieldse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“measurement of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in maize”
e6“Of the 48 samples, 15 were found to be contaminated with AFs and, of these, 5 did not comply with European Union legislation (AFB1 </=2 microg/kg)”
e7“samples obtained from retail markets and from experimental trial fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Five of the contaminated maize samples did not comply with EU legislation (AFB1 at or below 2 microg/kg).
- Outcome
- did not comply with European Union legislatione6
- Value
- 5e6
- Qualifier
- AFB1 </=2 microg/kge6
- Setting
- retail markets and from experimental trial fieldse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“measurement of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in maize”
e6“Of the 48 samples, 15 were found to be contaminated with AFs and, of these, 5 did not comply with European Union legislation (AFB1 </=2 microg/kg)”
e7“samples obtained from retail markets and from experimental trial fields”