Abstract
Coffee wilt caused by Gibberella xylarioides (Fusarium xylarioides) is a troublesome soil borne disease of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Ethiopia. It has been known to be prevalent and severe in plantation, garden and semi-forest coffee production systems in that order of importance. A number of recent reports have also indicated that the disease is equally damaging coffee trees with varying intensities thereby endangering the conservation of wild coffee genetic resources in forest coffee systems of the country. However, the reasons for the disease upsurge in the forest remain speculative. Thus, population structure of coffee wilt pathogen was studied by cross inoculating 12 accessions with four isolates collected in the four forest sites, namely, Bonga, Berhane-Kontir and Yayu (southwest) and Harenna (southeast) of Ethiopia. A pathogenic isolate ‘Gx11’ and a moderately resistant coffee cultivar cv. 7440, both from plantation were included as respective standard checks. The cultural and morphological characteristics of 24 isolates from the forests were compared with six strains collected from semi-forest and plantation coffee. The cultural appearance of most isolates from southwest was generally similar in pigments, aerial and radial growths but relatively different from those isolates collected in the Southeast forest site (Harenna). The result of coffee accession by isolate interactions showed that accessions of Harenna (P4, P6 and P11) were resistant to almost all isolates (except to its isolate) with low mean percent seedling deaths (< 31%) while Bonga (P27) and Berhane-Kontir accessions (P34 and P38) were highly susceptible to all isolates with higher seedling deaths of 79.2 to 85.7%. The Harenna isolate was most aggressive (78.7%) followed by Bonga ‘B23’ and Yayu ‘Y21’ isolates which were as aggressive as the one from plantation coffee ‘G11’. In conclusion, the fungus population structure in the forest coffee sites have basically similar cultural and morphological characteristics of the species G. xylarioides (F. xylarioides) with certain differences between southwest and southeast in colony growth nature, pigmentation and aggressiveness. The study evidenced that the pathogen strains in the forest coffee are equally or even more aggressive than those strains in other coffee production systems, thus rapidly threatening Arabica coffee gene pool of Ethiopia. Key words: Aggressiveness, colony growth, forest coffee, Fusarium xylarioides, coffee production systems, host-pathogen interactions.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Southwestern isolates had broadly similar pigments and growth but differed from Harenna isolates.
CoffeaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cultural appearance of most isolates from southwest was generally similar in pigments, aerial and radial growths but relatively different from those isolates collected in the Southeast forest site (Harenna).”
t0“coffee (Coffea arabica L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Harenna accessions P4, P6 and P11 resisted almost all isolates with under 31% mean seedling deaths.
- Material
- P4, P6 and P11e0
- Interactor
- isolatese0pathogen
- Outcome
- mean percent seedling deathse0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Value
- < 31%e0
- Qualifier
- except to its isolatee0
- Setting
- Harennae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“accessions of Harenna (P4, P6 and P11) were resistant to almost all isolates (except to its isolate) with low mean percent seedling deaths (< 31%)”
t0“coffee (Coffea arabica L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bonga P27 and Berhane-Kontir P34 and P38 were highly susceptible, with 79.2 to 85.7% seedling deaths.
- Material
- P27e0
- Interactor
- isolatese0pathogen
- Outcome
- seedling deathse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 79.2 to 85.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bonga (P27) and Berhane-Kontir accessions (P34 and P38) were highly susceptible to all isolates with higher seedling deaths of 79.2 to 85.7%.”
t0“coffee (Coffea arabica L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The Harenna isolate was most aggressive at 78.7%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Harenna isolate was most aggressive (78.7%) followed by Bonga ‘B23’ and Yayu ‘Y21’ isolates which were as aggressive as the one from plantation coffee ‘G11’.”
t0“coffee (Coffea arabica L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bonga B23 and Yayu Y21 isolates were as aggressive as plantation G11.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bonga ‘B23’ and Yayu ‘Y21’ isolates which were as aggressive as the one from plantation coffee ‘G11’.”
t0“coffee (Coffea arabica L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Forest coffee pathogen strains were at least as aggressive as strains in other production systems.
- Interactor
- pathogen strainse0pathogen
- Outcome
- aggressivee0
- Direction
- equally or even more aggressivee0
- Comparator
- those strains in other coffee production systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pathogen strains in the forest coffee are equally or even more aggressive than those strains in other coffee production systems”
t0“coffee (Coffea arabica L.)”