Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereals in Turkey. Besides many biotic and abiotic factors weeds compete for available nitrogen and light which ultimately affects grain yield, increase harvest, storage, transportation cost and grain quality. The objective of the research was to compare wheat and wheat competitive weeds for germination, emergence and seedling growth under saline conditions. Thus, two naturally occurring weeds (Cephalaria syriaca L. and Carduus nutans L.) in salinity affected wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields of Central Anatolia, Turkey, were evaluated for germination behavior, emergence and seedling growth under varying salinity conditions. The commonly grown wheat cultivar Bezostaja 1 and seeds of Cephalaria syriaca L. and Carduus nutans L. were used as experimental material. Salinity levels were adjusted to 5, 10, 20 and 30 dS m -1 using NaCl. The results revealed that increased salinity levels generally resulted in decrease in all traits but time to germination, emergence and seedling dry weight increased at higher salinity levels. Of the three species, wheat had the highest germination percentage, shoot and root length and seedling dry weight. Generally, wheat seedlings grew faster compared to both weeds at all NaCl levels, suggesting that NaCl inhibits weeds growth under saline conditions. If the wheat is cultivated on saline soils, the weed control treatment should be delayed until the weeds emerge.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Higher salinity generally decreased measured seedling traits.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- increased salinity levelse0
- Outcome
- all traitse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- but time to germination, emergence and seedling dry weight increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased salinity levels generally resulted in decrease in all traits but time to germination, emergence and seedling dry weight increased at higher salinity levels”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Time to germination and emergence increased at higher salinity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher salinity levelse0
- Outcome
- time to germination, emergencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“time to germination, emergence and seedling dry weight increased at higher salinity levels”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling dry weight increased at higher salinity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher salinity levelse0
- Outcome
- seedling dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedling dry weight increased at higher salinity levels”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat had the highest germination percentage, shoot length, and root length among the three species.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- germination percentage, shoot and root lengthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat had the highest germination percentage, shoot and root length and seedling dry weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat had the highest seedling dry weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- seedling dry weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat had the highest germination percentage, shoot and root length and seedling dry weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat seedlings generally grew faster than both weeds at all NaCl levels.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- seedlings grewe0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Comparator
- both weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seedlings grew faster compared to both weeds at all NaCl levels”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended delaying weed control in wheat cultivated on saline soils until weed emergence.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- weed control treatment should be delayede0
- Qualifier
- until the weeds emergee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“If the wheat is cultivated on saline soils, the weed control treatment should be delayed until the weeds emerge”