Abstract
Inoculation of axenic black mangrove seedlings in seawater for 8 days with either the terrestrial halotolerant plant growth-promoting bacterium <it>Azospirillum halopraeferens</it> or with <it>Azospirillum brasilense</it> produced heavy colonization of the root surface. The colonization pattern was different for the two strains. <it>A. halopraeferens</it> yielded mainly single cells embedded in a thick sheath, whereas <it>A. brasilense</it> produced primarily microaggregates. <it>A. brasilense</it> cells were anchored to the root surfaces and to themselves by a network of fibrillar material. Both bacterial strains survived in seawater (approximately 104 colony forming units per ml) for more than 30 days, for 70 days in saline water (<it>A. brasilense</it>) and colonized mangrove roots at a very high population density. <it>A. halopraeferens</it> was a better root surface colonizer, whereas the <it>A. brasilense</it> population was greater in the entire root. This work is the initial stage of studies designed to assess the feasibility of using terrestrial plant growth-promoting bacteria for the inoculation of marine plants.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
A. halopraeferens inoculation produced heavy black mangrove root-surface colonization.
- Taxon
- black mangrove
Avicennia germinanse0 - Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum halopraeferensAzospirillum halopraeferense0symbiont
- Outcome
- colonization of the root surfacee0
- Direction
- heavye0
- Setting
- seawatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of axenic black mangrove seedlings in seawater for 8 days with either the terrestrial halotolerant plant growth-promoting bacterium <it>Azospirillum halopraeferens</it> or with <it>Azospirillum brasilense</it> produced heavy colonization of the root surface.”
Claim · model-written summary
A. brasilense inoculation produced heavy black mangrove root-surface colonization.
- Taxon
- black mangroveAvicennia germinanse0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilense
Azospirillum brasilensee0symbiont - Outcome
- colonization of the root surfacee0
- Direction
- heavye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of axenic black mangrove seedlings in seawater for 8 days with either the terrestrial halotolerant plant growth-promoting bacterium <it>Azospirillum halopraeferens</it> or with <it>Azospirillum brasilense</it> produced heavy colonization of the root surface.”
Claim · model-written summary
A. halopraeferens mainly formed single cells embedded in a thick sheath.
- Taxon
- black mangroveAvicennia germinanst0
- Interactor
- A. halopraeferensAzospirillum halopraeferense0symbiont
- Outcome
- single cells embedded in a thick sheathe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“<it>A. halopraeferens</it> yielded mainly single cells embedded in a thick sheath”
t0“black mangrove seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
A. brasilense primarily formed microaggregates.
- Taxon
- black mangroveAvicennia germinanst0
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Outcome
- microaggregatese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“<it>A. brasilense</it> produced primarily microaggregates.”
t0“black mangrove seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
A. brasilense cells attached to root surfaces and each other via fibrillar material.
- Taxon
- black mangroveAvicennia germinanst0
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Outcome
- anchored to the root surfaces and to themselvese0
- Qualifier
- network of fibrillar materiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“<it>A. brasilense</it> cells were anchored to the root surfaces and to themselves by a network of fibrillar material.”
t0“black mangrove seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Both bacterial strains survived in seawater for over 30 days at approximately 104 colony forming units per ml.
- Taxon
- black mangroveAvicennia germinanst0
- Outcome
- survived in seawatere0
- Value
- approximately 104 colony forming units per mle0
- Qualifier
- more than 30 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both bacterial strains survived in seawater (approximately 104 colony forming units per ml) for more than 30 days”
t0“black mangrove seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
A. brasilense survived for 70 days in saline water.
- Taxon
- black mangroveAvicennia germinanst0
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Outcome
- saline watere0
- Value
- 70 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for 70 days in saline water (<it>A. brasilense</it>)”
t0“black mangrove seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Both strains colonized mangrove roots at high population density.
Verbatim
e0“colonized mangrove roots at a very high population density”
Claim · model-written summary
A. halopraeferens was the better root-surface colonizer.
- Taxon
- black mangroveAvicennia germinanst0
- Interactor
- A. halopraeferensAzospirillum halopraeferense0symbiont
- Outcome
- root surface colonizere0
- Direction
- bettere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“<it>A. halopraeferens</it> was a better root surface colonizer”
t0“black mangrove seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
A. brasilense had the larger population across the whole root.
- Taxon
- black mangroveAvicennia germinanst0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Outcome
- populatione0
- Direction
- greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the <it>A. brasilense</it> population was greater in the entire root.”
t0“black mangrove seedlings”