Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to evaluate weed control and dry bean response to fomesafen and fomesafen tank mixtures. In the first experiment, six market classes of dry bean were treated at the first trifoliate growth stage with fomesafen nonionic surfactant (NIS) urea ammonium nitrate solution (UAN) at rates ranging from 210 to 840 g/ha. In the second experiment, fomesafen NIS UAN at 280 g/ha was applied alone or combined with imazamox at 36 g/ha, bentazon at 560 g/ha, or clethodim at 140 g/ha, and each treatment was applied postemergence at either the unifoliate, first trifoliate, or third trifoliate growth stage to six dry bean cultivars. Crop injury from fomesafen in the form of stunting and leaf crinkling was apparent 7 d after treatment (DAT), but crop injury was temporary and plants recovered. Common lambsquarters and hairy nightshade control increased from 61 to 71% and 74 to 92%, respectively, as fomesafen rate increased from 210 to 280 g/ha. Redroot pigweed, kochia, and common purslane were controlled at the ≥90% level by fomesafen at 210 g/ha. Applying fomesafen and fomesafen tank mixtures at the unifoliate growth stage caused less dry bean injury and improved redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, and hairy nightshade control compared with treatments made at the first or third trifoliate growth stage. Decreased weed control caused by delaying herbicide application to the third trifoliate growth stage resulted in a 17% decrease in crop yield, compared with treatments where herbicides were applied at the unifoliate growth stage. Combining fomesafen with other herbicides increased crop injury 4%, 14 DAT. A tank mixture of fomesafen plus imazamox caused more crop injury than fomesafen plus bentazon. Combining fomesafen with imazamox or bentazon improved hairy nightshade control to 92 and 87%, respectively; however, common lambsquarters control was improved only with tank mixtures of fomesafen with bentazon.Nomenclature: Bentazon; clethodim; fomesafen; imazamox; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. #3 CHEAL; common purslane, Portulaca oleracea L. # POROL; hairy nightshade, Solanum sarrachoides Sendt. # SOLSA; kochia, Kochia scoparia (L.) SCHRAD. # KCHSC; redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. # AMARE; dry bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. black, Great Northern, light red kidney, navy, pink, pinto, ‘Shadow’, ‘Marquis’, ‘Chinook’, ‘Schooner’, ‘Viva’, ‘Poncho’.Additional index words: Field beans, interference, seed yield.Abbreviations: DAT, days after treatment; NIS, nonionic surfactant; POST, postemergence; UAN, urea ammonium nitrate solution.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Fomesafen caused temporary dry bean stunting and leaf crinkling after 7 days.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Crop injury from fomesafen in the form of stunting and leaf crinkling was apparent 7 d after treatment (DAT), but crop injury was temporary and plants recovered.”
t0“Dry Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Common lambsquarters control rose from 61 to 71% as the fomesafen rate rose.
- Taxon
- dry beant0
- Treatment
- fomesafen rate increased from 210 to 280 g/hae0
- Interactor
- Common lambsquarters
Chenopodium albume0weed - Outcome
- Common lambsquarterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 61 to 71%e0
- Comparator
- 210e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Common lambsquarters and hairy nightshade control increased from 61 to 71% and 74 to 92%, respectively, as fomesafen rate increased from 210 to 280 g/ha.”
t0“Dry Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy nightshade control rose from 74 to 92% as fomesafen rate rose.
Verbatim
e0“Common lambsquarters and hairy nightshade control increased from 61 to 71% and 74 to 92%, respectively, as fomesafen rate increased from 210 to 280 g/ha.”
t0“Dry Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Fomesafen at 210 g/ha controlled redroot pigweed, kochia and common purslane at least 90%.
- Taxon
- dry beant0
- Treatment
- fomesafen at 210 g/hae0
- Outcome
- Redroot pigweed, kochia, and common purslane were controllede0
- Value
- ≥90%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Redroot pigweed, kochia, and common purslane were controlled at the ≥90% level by fomesafen at 210 g/ha.”
t0“Dry Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Unifoliate application caused less bean injury than first or third trifoliate application.
Verbatim
e0“Applying fomesafen and fomesafen tank mixtures at the unifoliate growth stage caused less dry bean injury and improved redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, and hairy nightshade control compared with treatments made at the first or third trifoliate growth stage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Unifoliate application improved control of redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters and hairy nightshade.
Verbatim
e0“Applying fomesafen and fomesafen tank mixtures at the unifoliate growth stage caused less dry bean injury and improved redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, and hairy nightshade control compared with treatments made at the first or third trifoliate growth stage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Third trifoliate herbicide application reduced crop yield by 17% versus unifoliate application.
Verbatim
e0“Decreased weed control caused by delaying herbicide application to the third trifoliate growth stage resulted in a 17% decrease in crop yield, compared with treatments where herbicides were applied at the unifoliate growth stage.”
t0“Dry Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining fomesafen with other herbicides increased crop injury by 4% at 14 DAT.
- Taxon
- dry beant0
- Treatment
- Combining fomesafen with other herbicidese0
- Outcome
- crop injurye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4%e0
- Qualifier
- 14 DATe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Combining fomesafen with other herbicides increased crop injury 4%, 14 DAT.”
t0“Dry Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Fomesafen plus imazamox caused more crop injury than fomesafen plus bentazon.
Verbatim
e0“A tank mixture of fomesafen plus imazamox caused more crop injury than fomesafen plus bentazon.”
t0“Dry Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Fomesafen plus imazamox improved hairy nightshade control to 92%.
- Taxon
- dry beant0
- Treatment
- fomesafen with imazamoxe0
- Interactor
- hairy nightshadee0weed
- Outcome
- hairy nightshade controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 92e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Combining fomesafen with imazamox or bentazon improved hairy nightshade control to 92 and 87%, respectively;”
t0“Dry Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Fomesafen plus bentazon improved hairy nightshade control to 87%.
- Taxon
- dry beant0
- Treatment
- fomesafen with imazamox or bentazone0
- Interactor
- hairy nightshadee0weed
- Outcome
- hairy nightshade controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 87%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Combining fomesafen with imazamox or bentazon improved hairy nightshade control to 92 and 87%, respectively;”
t0“Dry Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Only fomesafen plus bentazon improved common lambsquarters control.
- Taxon
- dry beant0
- Treatment
- fomesafen with bentazone0
- Interactor
- common lambsquartersChenopodium albume0weed
- Outcome
- common lambsquarters controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“common lambsquarters control was improved only with tank mixtures of fomesafen with bentazon.”
t0“Dry Bean”
The same questions in other papers
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1 in the opposite direction
- negative
bentazone · control · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
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imazamox · control · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
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See all 5 papers →imazamox · crop injury · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
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fomesafen · control · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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See all 6 papers →herbicide · crop injury · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
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See all 16 papers →stage · yield · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
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See all 30 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.