Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is rated as moderately salt tolerant and it can produce profitable crops on saline soils. It is slightly more tolerant of salinity than barley but is more tolerant than wheat. Because salinity reduces germination and delays emergence, safflower stands tend to be irregular and crop yield is depressed. However, some varieties are less affected by salinity than others. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of soil salinity levels (0.8, 2.5, 5.1, 8.7, 13.0, 15.2 and 23.0 dS m-1) on germination and seedling growth of three safflower varieties, one of which is spiny (5-154 cv.) and two of which are spineless (Yenice 5-38 and Dinçer 5-118 cv.). Emergence rate, root and shoot length, root and shoot dry weight, root/shoot dry weight ratio, root and shoot dry weight salt stress index were investigated. The results showed that the highest values for the investigated traits were obtained from variety 5-154 (spiny), while they diminished with increasing soil salinity in all cultivars. Among the varieties, the highest emergence rate, root length, shoot length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and root/shoot dry weight ratio at 23.0 dS m-1 were determined from 5-154 cv. with 23.35%, 3.54 cm, 4.97 cm, 7.23 mg, 26.73 mg and 20.77%, respectively. Moreover, 5-154 cv. gave the higher root and shoot dry weight salt stress index, especially at high salinity levels. The seedling growth of varieties was inhibited by 5.1 dS m-1 although they showed varying responses. At the first development stage, the root growth of safflower was more adversely affected compared to shoot growth by soil salinity. If the cultivation of safflower on saline soils is required, spiny varieties should be preferred.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Safflower variety 5-154 gave the highest values for the investigated traits, and the traits diminished with increasing soil salinity in all cultivars.
- Taxon
- Safflower
Carthamus tinctoriust0 - Material
- 5-154e1
- Outcome
- investigated traitse1
- Direction
- higheste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e1“The results showed that the highest values for the investigated traits were obtained from variety 5-154 (spiny), while they diminished with increasing soil salinity in all cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The investigated safflower traits diminished with increasing soil salinity in all cultivars.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- increasing soil salinitye1
- Outcome
- investigated traitse1
- Direction
- diminishede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e1“The results showed that the highest values for the investigated traits were obtained from variety 5-154 (spiny), while they diminished with increasing soil salinity in all cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
At 23.0 dS m-1 the highest safflower emergence rate, 23.35%, was found in variety 5-154.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- 5-154 cv.e1
- Treatment
- 23.0 dS m-1e1
- Outcome
- emergence ratee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 23.35%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e1“Among the varieties, the highest emergence rate, root length, shoot length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and root/shoot dry weight ratio at 23.0 dS m-1 were determined from 5-154 cv. with 23.35%, 3.54 cm, 4.97 cm, 7.23 mg, 26.73 mg and 20.77%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 23.0 dS m-1 the highest safflower root length, 3.54 cm, was found in variety 5-154.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- 5-154 cv.e1
- Treatment
- 23.0 dS m-1e1
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 3.54 cme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e1“Among the varieties, the highest emergence rate, root length, shoot length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and root/shoot dry weight ratio at 23.0 dS m-1 were determined from 5-154 cv. with 23.35%, 3.54 cm, 4.97 cm, 7.23 mg, 26.73 mg and 20.77%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 23.0 dS m-1 the highest safflower shoot length, 4.97 cm, was found in variety 5-154.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- 5-154 cv.e1
- Treatment
- 23.0 dS m-1e1
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 4.97 cme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e1“Among the varieties, the highest emergence rate, root length, shoot length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and root/shoot dry weight ratio at 23.0 dS m-1 were determined from 5-154 cv. with 23.35%, 3.54 cm, 4.97 cm, 7.23 mg, 26.73 mg and 20.77%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 23.0 dS m-1 the highest safflower root dry weight, 7.23 mg, was found in variety 5-154.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- 5-154 cv.e1
- Treatment
- 23.0 dS m-1e1
- Outcome
- root dry weighte1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 7.23 mge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e1“Among the varieties, the highest emergence rate, root length, shoot length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and root/shoot dry weight ratio at 23.0 dS m-1 were determined from 5-154 cv. with 23.35%, 3.54 cm, 4.97 cm, 7.23 mg, 26.73 mg and 20.77%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 23.0 dS m-1 the highest safflower shoot dry weight, 26.73 mg, was found in variety 5-154.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- 5-154 cv.e1
- Treatment
- 23.0 dS m-1e1
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 26.73 mge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e1“Among the varieties, the highest emergence rate, root length, shoot length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and root/shoot dry weight ratio at 23.0 dS m-1 were determined from 5-154 cv. with 23.35%, 3.54 cm, 4.97 cm, 7.23 mg, 26.73 mg and 20.77%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 23.0 dS m-1 the highest safflower root/shoot dry weight ratio, 20.77%, was found in variety 5-154.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- 5-154 cv.e1
- Treatment
- 23.0 dS m-1e1
- Outcome
- root/shoot dry weight ratioe1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 20.77%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e1“Among the varieties, the highest emergence rate, root length, shoot length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and root/shoot dry weight ratio at 23.0 dS m-1 were determined from 5-154 cv. with 23.35%, 3.54 cm, 4.97 cm, 7.23 mg, 26.73 mg and 20.77%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Variety 5-154 gave the higher root and shoot dry weight salt stress index, especially at high salinity levels.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- 5-154 cv.e1
- Treatment
- high salinity levelse1
- Outcome
- root and shoot dry weight salt stress indexe1
- Direction
- highere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e1“Moreover, 5-154 cv. gave the higher root and shoot dry weight salt stress index, especially at high salinity levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling growth of the safflower varieties was inhibited by 5.1 dS m-1, although the varieties responded differently.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- 5.1 dS m-1e1
- Outcome
- seedling growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Qualifier
- although they showed varying responsese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e1“The seedling growth of varieties was inhibited by 5.1 dS m-1 although they showed varying responses”
Claim · model-written summary
At the first development stage, root growth of safflower was more adversely affected by soil salinity than shoot growth.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Organ / stage
- first development stagee1
- Treatment
- soil salinitye1
- Outcome
- root growthe1
- Direction
- more adversely affectede1
- Comparator
- shoot growthe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)”
e1“At the first development stage, the root growth of safflower was more adversely affected compared to shoot growth by soil salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend that spiny safflower varieties be preferred when safflower is grown on saline soils.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Outcome
- spiny varieties should be preferrede1
- Qualifier
- If the cultivation of safflower on saline soils is requirede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“If the cultivation of safflower on saline soils is required, spiny varieties should be preferred”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Results agree
29 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
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See all 30 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.