Abstract
For Lolium perenne cv. Cropper, a system which resulted in 100% flowering comprised 90 short days (SD) at 4 °C (vernalization) and 30 SD at 18 °C followed by 8 long days (LD). The mitotic index and G1 and G2 percentages were measured in the shoot and root apices of plants following 2, 5 or 8 LD and in SD controls sampled at the beginning and end of induction. Identical measurements were made in plants given 48 SD at 18 °C followed by 2, 5 or 8 LD; plants remained vegetative in response to this treatment lacking vernalization. Significant increases in both mitotic index and meristem size occurred in the shoot apex in LD following the vernalizing, but not the non-vernalizing, treatment. A cluster of mitoses in the apical dome of the shoot apex was unique to the vernalized plants given 5 or 8 LD. However, an increase in root meristem size occurred regardless of vernalization, but a significant increase in the mitotic index was limited to vernalized plants given 5 or 8 LD. Whilst the vernalization-LD treatment resulted in an increase in the G2 percentage in the shoot apex following 2, 5 or 8 LD, no such alteration was observed in the root meristem. Thus, the changes to the cell cycle which correlated with flowering were increased mitotic indices and G2 percentages in the shoot apex at each sampling time and increased mitotic indices in the root apex following 5 and 8 LD.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The vernalization and long-day regime produced 100% flowering in Lolium perenne cv. Cropper.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenne
Lolium perennee0 - Material
- cv. Croppere0
- Treatment
- 90 short days (SD) at 4 °C (vernalization) and 30 SD at 18 °C followed by 8 long days (LD)e0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- 100% floweringe0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Lolium perenne cv. Cropper, a system which resulted in 100% flowering comprised 90 short days (SD) at 4 °C (vernalization) and 30 SD at 18 °C followed by 8 long days (LD).”
t0“Lolium perenne”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants lacking vernalization remained vegetative after long days.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- treatment lacking vernalizatione0
- Outcome
- remained vegetativee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants remained vegetative in response to this treatment lacking vernalization.”
t0“Lolium perenne”
Claim · model-written summary
After vernalization, long days significantly increased shoot apex mitotic index; the non-vernalizing treatment did not.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennet0
- Organ / stage
- shoot apexe0
- Treatment
- vernalizinge0
- Outcome
- mitotic indexe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- non-vernalizinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant increases in both mitotic index and meristem size occurred in the shoot apex in LD following the vernalizing, but not the non-vernalizing, treatment.”
t0“Lolium perenne”
Claim · model-written summary
After vernalization, long days significantly increased shoot apex meristem size; the non-vernalizing treatment did not.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennet0
- Organ / stage
- shoot apexe0
- Treatment
- vernalizinge0
- Outcome
- meristem sizee0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- non-vernalizinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant increases in both mitotic index and meristem size occurred in the shoot apex in LD following the vernalizing, but not the non-vernalizing, treatment.”
t0“Lolium perenne”
Claim · model-written summary
A cluster of apical-dome mitoses occurred only in vernalized plants after 5 or 8 long days.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennet0
- Organ / stage
- apical dome of the shoot apexe0
- Treatment
- vernalized plants given 5 or 8 LDe0
- Outcome
- cluster of mitosese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A cluster of mitoses in the apical dome of the shoot apex was unique to the vernalized plants given 5 or 8 LD.”
t0“Lolium perenne”
Claim · model-written summary
Root meristem size increased regardless of vernalization.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennet0
- Organ / stage
- root meristeme0
- Outcome
- root meristem sizee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- regardless of vernalizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, an increase in root meristem size occurred regardless of vernalization, but a significant increase in the mitotic index was limited to vernalized plants given 5 or 8 LD.”
t0“Lolium perenne”
Claim · model-written summary
Root meristem mitotic index increased significantly only in vernalized plants given 5 or 8 long days.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennet0
- Organ / stage
- root meristeme0
- Treatment
- vernalized plants given 5 or 8 LDe0
- Outcome
- mitotic indexe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, an increase in root meristem size occurred regardless of vernalization, but a significant increase in the mitotic index was limited to vernalized plants given 5 or 8 LD.”
t0“Lolium perenne”
Claim · model-written summary
Vernalization followed by long days increased the G2 percentage in the shoot apex after 2, 5 or 8 days.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennet0
- Organ / stage
- shoot apexe0
- Treatment
- vernalization-LD treatmente0
- Outcome
- G2 percentagee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whilst the vernalization-LD treatment resulted in an increase in the G2 percentage in the shoot apex following 2, 5 or 8 LD, no such alteration was observed in the root meristem.”
t0“Lolium perenne”
Claim · model-written summary
The root meristem showed no G2 percentage alteration after the vernalization and long-day regime.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennet0
- Organ / stage
- root meristeme0
- Outcome
- no such alteratione0
- Direction
- no such alteratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whilst the vernalization-LD treatment resulted in an increase in the G2 percentage in the shoot apex following 2, 5 or 8 LD, no such alteration was observed in the root meristem.”
t0“Lolium perenne”
The same questions in other papers
cold · phenology · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.