Abstract
In July 2013, soybean (Glycine max) plants at the research field in Daegu, South Korea, showed virus-like symptoms, such as mosaic, mottle, yellowing, and stunting. Overall, there were approximately 1% of soybean plants that showed these symptoms. Sixteen soybean samples were collected based on visual symptoms and subjected to laboratory characterization. Total RNA was extracted from each sample with the Tri Reagent (Molecular Research Center, Cincinnati, OH) and cDNA was synthesized using random N25 primer with RevertAid Reverse Transcriptase (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA), according to the manufacturers' instructions. All samples were tested by PCR with Prime Taq Premix (2X) (GeNet Bio, Daejeon, Korea) and primer sets specific to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV; 5'-CATATCAGTTTGTTGGGCA-3' and 5'-TGCCTATACCCTCAACAT-3'), Peanut stunt virus (PSV; 5'-TGACCGCGTGCCAGTAGGAT-3' and 5'-AGGTDGCTTTCTWTTGRATTTA-3'), Soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus (SYMMV; 5'-CAACCCTCAGCCACATTCAACTAT-3' and 5'-TCTAACCACCCCACCCGAAGGATT-3'), and Soybean yellow common mosaic virus (SYCMV; 5'-TTGGCTGAGAGGAGTGGCTT-3' and 5'-TGCGGTCGTGTAGTCAGTG-3'). Among 16 samples tested, five were positive for SMV and two for SYMMV. Three samples were found infected by both SMV and SYMMV and four by both SMV and PSV. Since two of the symptomatic samples were not infected by viruses described above, a pair of primers specific to Peanut mottle virus (PeMoV; 5'-GCTGTGAATTGTTGTTGAGAA-3' and 5'-ACAATGATGAAGTTCGTTAC-3') was tested (1). All 16 samples were subjected to RT-PCR with primers specific to PeMoV. Four were found positive for PeMoV. Two of them were already found infected with SYMMV. In order to identify the complete nucleotide sequences of PeMoV coat protein (CP), another primer set (5'-TGAGCAGGAAAGAATTGTTTC-3' and 5'-GGAAGCGATATACACACCAAC-3') was used. RT-PCR product was cloned into RBC TA Cloning Vector (RBC Bioscience, Taipei, Taiwan) and the nucleotide sequence of the insert was determined by Macrogen (Seoul, Korea). CP gene of the PeMoV (GenBank Accession No. KJ664838) showed the highest nucleotide sequence identity with PeMoV isolate Habin (KF977830; 99% identity), and the highest amino acid identity with GenBank Accession No. ABI97347 (100% identity). In order to fulfill Koch's postulates, several G. max cv. Williams 82 were inoculated with the extracts of PeMoV-infected leaf tissue. At 14 days post-inoculation, plants showed systemic mottle symptoms. These symptomatic plants were subjected to RT-PCR, and the nucleotide sequences of the PCR product were found identical to that of the virus in the inoculum. To our knowledge, this is the first report of soybean-infecting PeMoV, a member of the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae, in South Korea. Reference: (1) R. G. Dietzgen et al. Plant Dis. 85:989, 2001.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
About 1% of soybean plants showed virus-like symptoms in Daegu.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- soybean plants that showed these symptomse0
- Value
- 1%e0
- Setting
- Daegu, South Koreae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“approximately 1% of soybean plants that showed these symptoms”
e1“Daegu, South Korea”
Claim · model-written summary
Five of 16 symptomatic soybean samples were positive for SMV.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- SMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- positive for SMVe0
- Value
- fivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among 16 samples tested, five were positive for SMV”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Two of 16 symptomatic soybean samples were positive for SYMMV.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- SYMMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- two for SYMMVe0
- Value
- twoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two for SYMMV”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Three soybean samples had both SMV and SYMMV.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- SMVe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- SYMMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- infected by both SMV and SYMMVe0
- Value
- Three samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three samples were found infected by both SMV and SYMMV”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Four soybean samples had both SMV and PSV.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- SMVe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- PSVPeanut stunt viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- four by both SMV and PSVe0
- Value
- foure0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four by both SMV and PSV”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Four soybean samples tested positive for PeMoV.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- PeMoVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- positive for PeMoVe0
- Value
- Foure0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four were found positive for PeMoV”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Two PeMoV-positive samples also had SYMMV.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- SYMMVe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- PeMoVe1pathogen
- Outcome
- infected with SYMMVe0
- Value
- Twoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two of them were already found infected with SYMMV”
t0“Soybean”
e1“primers specific to PeMoV”
Claim · model-written summary
PeMoV coat protein sequence had 99% nucleotide identity to isolate Habin.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- PeMoVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- nucleotide sequence identitye0
- Value
- 99% identitye0
- Comparator
- PeMoV isolate Habine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest nucleotide sequence identity with PeMoV isolate Habin (KF977830; 99% identity)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
PeMoV coat protein sequence had 100% amino acid identity to accession ABI97347.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- PeMoVe1pathogen
- Outcome
- amino acid identitye0
- Value
- 100% identitye0
- Comparator
- GenBank Accession No. ABI97347e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest amino acid identity with GenBank Accession No. ABI97347 (100% identity)”
t0“Soybean”
e1“CP gene of the PeMoV”
Claim · model-written summary
PeMoV inoculation caused systemic mottle in Williams 82 soybean at 14 days.
- Taxon
- G. maxGlycine maxe0
- Material
- Williams 82e0
- Treatment
- inoculated with the extracts of PeMoV-infected leaf tissuee0
- Interactor
- PeMoVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- systemic mottle symptomse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“G. max cv. Williams 82 were inoculated with the extracts of PeMoV-infected leaf tissue. At 14 days post-inoculation, plants showed systemic mottle symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
The virus sequence recovered from symptomatic inoculated soybean matched the inoculum.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- PeMoVe1pathogen
- Outcome
- nucleotide sequences of the PCR product were found identicale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nucleotide sequences of the PCR product were found identical to that of the virus in the inoculum”
t0“Soybean”
e1“extracts of PeMoV-infected leaf tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors report PeMoV infecting soybean in South Korea for the first time.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Interactor
- PeMoVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- soybean-infecting PeMoVe0
- Setting
- South Koreae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“first report of soybean-infecting PeMoV, a member of the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae, in South Korea”
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