Abstract
Powdery mildew of cucurbits, caused by Podosphaera xanthii (syn. Sphaerotheca fuliginia auct. p.p. (Schltdl.) Pollacci), is a common and often severe disease in most areas of the world. Field trials were conducted with cantaloupe to compare disease management success provided by conventional fungicides and biofungicides having different inherent efficacies and modes of action, when applied alone throughout the treatment period or as components of fungicide application programs. Additionally, the portion of total disease control provided by each component fungicide within selected rotational programs was determined. When applied alone throughout the treatment period, disease severity in 2008 and 2009 compared with nontreated plants was reduced by values of 100, 99.3, and 98.1% by wettable sulfur (Microthiol Disperss), triflumizole (Procure), and quinoxyfen (Quintec), respectively; 83.9, 76.4, and 57.4% by trifloxystrobin (Flint), pyraclostrobin (Cabrio), or azoxystrobin (Quadris), respectively; and 39.8, 31.1, 30.0, and 28.6% by thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M), potassium bicarbonate (Kaligreen), kresoxim-methyl (Sovran), and Bacillus subtilis (Serenade), respectively. Rotational application programs composed of Microthiol Disperss, Procure, and Quintec reduced powdery mildew severity on cantaloupe by 97.5 to 100% in both trials. In comparison, disease reduction of 86.0 to 100% was achieved when the first and third fungicide applications were Quintec or Procure and the second and fourth applications were Cabrio, Flint, Kaligreen, Quadris, Serenade, Sovran, or Topsin M. In field trials designed to elucidate the portion of total disease control provided by each component fungicide within a rotational program, application sequences of Procure, Streptomyces lydicus (Actinovate), Procure, and Actinovate or Procure, Kaligreen, Procure, and Kaligreen resulted in reductions in powdery mildew severity of 69.1 and 78.7%, respectively. In comparison, inclusion of only the two Procure applications brought about a mean disease reduction of 85%, whereas inclusion of only the two Actinovate or Kaligreen applications reduced the level of powdery mildew control to 17.6 and 12.9%, respectively. The usefulness of fungicides with low inherent efficacy as resistance management partners when applied with highly efficacious at-risk fungicides may be questioned; however, the importance of any fungicide as a resistance management partner should be measured by its ability to dilute the selection pressure of the at-risk fungicide and to inhibit the growth of any resistant biotypes that may arise, factors which may not be reflected by its inherent efficacy in controlling disease. Because less efficacious fungicides did not increase the overall level of disease control, encouraging growers and pest control advisors to incorporate them into powdery mildew treatment programs may be a challenge, because resistance management is not their top priority. An ongoing educational effort emphasizing the benefits of resistance management programs with respect to prolonging the effectiveness of single-site mode of action fungicides is essential.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
wettable sulfur (Microthiol Disperss) reduced powdery mildew severity on cantaloupe by 100% versus untreated plants in 2008–2009.
- Taxon
- Cantaloupe
Cucumis melo var. cantalupot0 - Treatment
- wettable sulfur (Microthiol Disperss)e0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 100e0
- Comparator
- nontreated plantse0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied alone throughout the treatment period, disease severity in 2008 and 2009 compared with nontreated plants was reduced by values of 100, 99.3, and 98.1% by wettable sulfur (Microthiol Disperss), triflumizole (Procure), and quinoxyfen (Quintec), respectively; 83.9, 76.4, and 57.4% by trifloxystrobin (Flint), pyraclostrobin (Cabrio), or azoxystrobin (Quadris), respectively; and 39.8, 31.1, 30.0, and 28.6% by thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M), potassium bicarbonate (Kaligreen), kresoxim-methyl (Sovran), and Bacillus subtilis (Serenade), respectively.”
t0“Powdery Mildew on Cantaloupe”
Claim · model-written summary
triflumizole (Procure) reduced powdery mildew severity on cantaloupe by 99.3% versus untreated plants in 2008–2009.
- Taxon
- CantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupot0
- Treatment
- triflumizole (Procure)e0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 99.3e0
- Comparator
- nontreated plantse0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied alone throughout the treatment period, disease severity in 2008 and 2009 compared with nontreated plants was reduced by values of 100, 99.3, and 98.1% by wettable sulfur (Microthiol Disperss), triflumizole (Procure), and quinoxyfen (Quintec), respectively; 83.9, 76.4, and 57.4% by trifloxystrobin (Flint), pyraclostrobin (Cabrio), or azoxystrobin (Quadris), respectively; and 39.8, 31.1, 30.0, and 28.6% by thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M), potassium bicarbonate (Kaligreen), kresoxim-methyl (Sovran), and Bacillus subtilis (Serenade), respectively.”
t0“Powdery Mildew on Cantaloupe”
Claim · model-written summary
quinoxyfen (Quintec) reduced powdery mildew severity on cantaloupe by 98.1% versus untreated plants in 2008–2009.
- Taxon
- CantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupot0
- Treatment
- quinoxyfen (Quintec)e0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 98.1e0
- Comparator
- nontreated plantse0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied alone throughout the treatment period, disease severity in 2008 and 2009 compared with nontreated plants was reduced by values of 100, 99.3, and 98.1% by wettable sulfur (Microthiol Disperss), triflumizole (Procure), and quinoxyfen (Quintec), respectively; 83.9, 76.4, and 57.4% by trifloxystrobin (Flint), pyraclostrobin (Cabrio), or azoxystrobin (Quadris), respectively; and 39.8, 31.1, 30.0, and 28.6% by thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M), potassium bicarbonate (Kaligreen), kresoxim-methyl (Sovran), and Bacillus subtilis (Serenade), respectively.”
t0“Powdery Mildew on Cantaloupe”
Claim · model-written summary
trifloxystrobin (Flint) reduced powdery mildew severity on cantaloupe by 83.9% versus untreated plants in 2008–2009.
- Taxon
- CantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupot0
- Treatment
- trifloxystrobin (Flint)e0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 83.9e0
- Comparator
- nontreated plantse0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied alone throughout the treatment period, disease severity in 2008 and 2009 compared with nontreated plants was reduced by values of 100, 99.3, and 98.1% by wettable sulfur (Microthiol Disperss), triflumizole (Procure), and quinoxyfen (Quintec), respectively; 83.9, 76.4, and 57.4% by trifloxystrobin (Flint), pyraclostrobin (Cabrio), or azoxystrobin (Quadris), respectively; and 39.8, 31.1, 30.0, and 28.6% by thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M), potassium bicarbonate (Kaligreen), kresoxim-methyl (Sovran), and Bacillus subtilis (Serenade), respectively.”
t0“Powdery Mildew on Cantaloupe”
Claim · model-written summary
pyraclostrobin (Cabrio) reduced powdery mildew severity on cantaloupe by 76.4% versus untreated plants in 2008–2009.
- Taxon
- CantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupot0
- Treatment
- pyraclostrobin (Cabrio)e0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 76.4e0
- Comparator
- nontreated plantse0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied alone throughout the treatment period, disease severity in 2008 and 2009 compared with nontreated plants was reduced by values of 100, 99.3, and 98.1% by wettable sulfur (Microthiol Disperss), triflumizole (Procure), and quinoxyfen (Quintec), respectively; 83.9, 76.4, and 57.4% by trifloxystrobin (Flint), pyraclostrobin (Cabrio), or azoxystrobin (Quadris), respectively; and 39.8, 31.1, 30.0, and 28.6% by thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M), potassium bicarbonate (Kaligreen), kresoxim-methyl (Sovran), and Bacillus subtilis (Serenade), respectively.”
t0“Powdery Mildew on Cantaloupe”
Claim · model-written summary
azoxystrobin (Quadris) reduced powdery mildew severity on cantaloupe by 57.4% versus untreated plants in 2008–2009.
- Taxon
- CantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupot0
- Treatment
- azoxystrobin (Quadris)e0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 57.4e0
- Comparator
- nontreated plantse0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied alone throughout the treatment period, disease severity in 2008 and 2009 compared with nontreated plants was reduced by values of 100, 99.3, and 98.1% by wettable sulfur (Microthiol Disperss), triflumizole (Procure), and quinoxyfen (Quintec), respectively; 83.9, 76.4, and 57.4% by trifloxystrobin (Flint), pyraclostrobin (Cabrio), or azoxystrobin (Quadris), respectively; and 39.8, 31.1, 30.0, and 28.6% by thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M), potassium bicarbonate (Kaligreen), kresoxim-methyl (Sovran), and Bacillus subtilis (Serenade), respectively.”
t0“Powdery Mildew on Cantaloupe”
Claim · model-written summary
thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M) reduced powdery mildew severity on cantaloupe by 39.8% versus untreated plants in 2008–2009.
- Taxon
- CantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupot0
- Treatment
- thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M)e0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 39.8e0
- Comparator
- nontreated plantse0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied alone throughout the treatment period, disease severity in 2008 and 2009 compared with nontreated plants was reduced by values of 100, 99.3, and 98.1% by wettable sulfur (Microthiol Disperss), triflumizole (Procure), and quinoxyfen (Quintec), respectively; 83.9, 76.4, and 57.4% by trifloxystrobin (Flint), pyraclostrobin (Cabrio), or azoxystrobin (Quadris), respectively; and 39.8, 31.1, 30.0, and 28.6% by thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M), potassium bicarbonate (Kaligreen), kresoxim-methyl (Sovran), and Bacillus subtilis (Serenade), respectively.”
t0“Powdery Mildew on Cantaloupe”
Claim · model-written summary
potassium bicarbonate (Kaligreen) reduced powdery mildew severity on cantaloupe by 31.1% versus untreated plants in 2008–2009.
- Taxon
- CantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupot0
- Treatment
- potassium bicarbonate (Kaligreen)e0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 31.1e0
- Comparator
- nontreated plantse0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied alone throughout the treatment period, disease severity in 2008 and 2009 compared with nontreated plants was reduced by values of 100, 99.3, and 98.1% by wettable sulfur (Microthiol Disperss), triflumizole (Procure), and quinoxyfen (Quintec), respectively; 83.9, 76.4, and 57.4% by trifloxystrobin (Flint), pyraclostrobin (Cabrio), or azoxystrobin (Quadris), respectively; and 39.8, 31.1, 30.0, and 28.6% by thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M), potassium bicarbonate (Kaligreen), kresoxim-methyl (Sovran), and Bacillus subtilis (Serenade), respectively.”
t0“Powdery Mildew on Cantaloupe”
Claim · model-written summary
kresoxim-methyl (Sovran) reduced powdery mildew severity on cantaloupe by 30.0% versus untreated plants in 2008–2009.
- Taxon
- CantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupot0
- Treatment
- kresoxim-methyl (Sovran)e0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 30.0e0
- Comparator
- nontreated plantse0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied alone throughout the treatment period, disease severity in 2008 and 2009 compared with nontreated plants was reduced by values of 100, 99.3, and 98.1% by wettable sulfur (Microthiol Disperss), triflumizole (Procure), and quinoxyfen (Quintec), respectively; 83.9, 76.4, and 57.4% by trifloxystrobin (Flint), pyraclostrobin (Cabrio), or azoxystrobin (Quadris), respectively; and 39.8, 31.1, 30.0, and 28.6% by thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M), potassium bicarbonate (Kaligreen), kresoxim-methyl (Sovran), and Bacillus subtilis (Serenade), respectively.”
t0“Powdery Mildew on Cantaloupe”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis (Serenade) reduced powdery mildew severity on cantaloupe by 28.6% versus untreated plants in 2008–2009.
- Taxon
- CantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupot0
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilis (Serenade)e0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 28.6e0
- Comparator
- nontreated plantse0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied alone throughout the treatment period, disease severity in 2008 and 2009 compared with nontreated plants was reduced by values of 100, 99.3, and 98.1% by wettable sulfur (Microthiol Disperss), triflumizole (Procure), and quinoxyfen (Quintec), respectively; 83.9, 76.4, and 57.4% by trifloxystrobin (Flint), pyraclostrobin (Cabrio), or azoxystrobin (Quadris), respectively; and 39.8, 31.1, 30.0, and 28.6% by thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M), potassium bicarbonate (Kaligreen), kresoxim-methyl (Sovran), and Bacillus subtilis (Serenade), respectively.”
t0“Powdery Mildew on Cantaloupe”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotational fungicide application achieved 97.5 to 100% powdery mildew reduction on cantaloupe.
- Taxon
- CantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupot0
- Treatment
- Microthiol Disperss, Procure, and Quintece0
- Outcome
- powdery mildew severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 97.5 to 100%e0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageSecond interactorSecond interactor roleComparatorSettingQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rotational application programs composed of Microthiol Disperss, Procure, and Quintec reduced powdery mildew severity on cantaloupe by 97.5 to 100% in both trials.”
t0“Powdery Mildew on Cantaloupe”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotational fungicide application achieved 86.0 to 100% powdery mildew reduction on cantaloupe.
- Taxon
- CantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupot0
- Treatment
- Quintec or Procuree0
- Outcome
- disease reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 86.0 to 100%e0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageSecond interactorSecond interactor roleComparatorSettingQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison, disease reduction of 86.0 to 100% was achieved when the first and third fungicide applications were Quintec or Procure and the second and fourth applications were Cabrio, Flint, Kaligreen, Quadris, Serenade, Sovran, or Topsin M.”
t0“Powdery Mildew on Cantaloupe”
Claim · model-written summary
Procure, Streptomyces lydicus (Actinovate), Procure, and Actinovate reduced cantaloupe powdery mildew severity by 69.1%.
- Taxon
- CantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupot0
- Treatment
- Procure, Streptomyces lydicus (Actinovate), Procure, and Actinovatee0
- Outcome
- powdery mildew severitye0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 69.1e0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageSecond interactorSecond interactor roleComparatorSettingQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In field trials designed to elucidate the portion of total disease control provided by each component fungicide within a rotational program, application sequences of Procure, Streptomyces lydicus (Actinovate), Procure, and Actinovate or Procure, Kaligreen, Procure, and Kaligreen resulted in reductions in powdery mildew severity of 69.1 and 78.7%, respectively.”
t0“Powdery Mildew on Cantaloupe”
Claim · model-written summary
Procure, Kaligreen, Procure, and Kaligreen reduced cantaloupe powdery mildew severity by 78.7%.
- Taxon
- CantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupot0
- Treatment
- Procure, Kaligreen, Procure, and Kaligreene0
- Outcome
- powdery mildew severitye0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 78.7e0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageSecond interactorSecond interactor roleComparatorSettingQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In field trials designed to elucidate the portion of total disease control provided by each component fungicide within a rotational program, application sequences of Procure, Streptomyces lydicus (Actinovate), Procure, and Actinovate or Procure, Kaligreen, Procure, and Kaligreen resulted in reductions in powdery mildew severity of 69.1 and 78.7%, respectively.”
t0“Powdery Mildew on Cantaloupe”
Claim · model-written summary
two Procure applications yielded 85% powdery mildew control or disease reduction.
- Taxon
- CantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupot0
- Treatment
- two Procure applicationse0
- Outcome
- disease reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 85%e0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageSecond interactorSecond interactor roleComparatorSettingQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison, inclusion of only the two Procure applications brought about a mean disease reduction of 85%, whereas inclusion of only the two Actinovate or Kaligreen applications reduced the level of powdery mildew control to 17.6 and 12.9%, respectively.”
t0“Powdery Mildew on Cantaloupe”
Claim · model-written summary
two Actinovate yielded 17.6 powdery mildew control or disease reduction.
- Taxon
- CantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupot0
- Treatment
- two Actinovatee0
- Outcome
- powdery mildew controle0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 17.6e0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageSecond interactorSecond interactor roleComparatorSettingQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison, inclusion of only the two Procure applications brought about a mean disease reduction of 85%, whereas inclusion of only the two Actinovate or Kaligreen applications reduced the level of powdery mildew control to 17.6 and 12.9%, respectively.”
t0“Powdery Mildew on Cantaloupe”
Claim · model-written summary
Kaligreen applications yielded 12.9 powdery mildew control or disease reduction.
- Taxon
- CantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupot0
- Treatment
- Kaligreen applicationse0
- Outcome
- powdery mildew controle0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 12.9e0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageSecond interactorSecond interactor roleComparatorSettingQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison, inclusion of only the two Procure applications brought about a mean disease reduction of 85%, whereas inclusion of only the two Actinovate or Kaligreen applications reduced the level of powdery mildew control to 17.6 and 12.9%, respectively.”
t0“Powdery Mildew on Cantaloupe”
Claim · model-written summary
Less efficacious fungicides did not increase overall powdery mildew control.
- Taxon
- CantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupot0
- Treatment
- less efficacious fungicidese0
- Outcome
- overall level of disease controle0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageSecond interactorSecond interactor roleComparatorSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Because less efficacious fungicides did not increase the overall level of disease control, encouraging growers and pest control advisors to incorporate them into powdery mildew treatment programs may be a challenge, because resistance management is not their top priority.”
t0“Powdery Mildew on Cantaloupe”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend education on resistance management to prolong fungicide effectiveness.
- Taxon
- CantaloupeCucumis melo var. cantalupot0
- Outcome
- educational effort emphasizing the benefits of resistance management programse0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleTreatmentComparatorSettingDirectionValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An ongoing educational effort emphasizing the benefits of resistance management programs with respect to prolonging the effectiveness of single-site mode of action fungicides is essential.”
t0“Powdery Mildew on Cantaloupe”
The same questions in other papers
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azoxystrobin · disease · Cucumis melo (muskmelon)Results agree
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.