Abstract
Transgenic volunteer corn is a competitive weed in soybean that decreases soybean yield at densities as low as 0.5 plants m −2 , yet the competitive effects of volunteer corn in corn have yet to be quantified in the peer-reviewed literature. In order to quantify competition between volunteer corn and hybrid corn, seed was harvested from transgenic hybrid corn. The seed was then hand-planted at two locations (Lafayette, IN and Wanatah, IN) into 3 by 9 m plots of hybrid corn at five densities: 0 (control), 0.5, 2, 4, and 8 plants m −2 . Volunteer corn competition reduced leaf area and biomass of hybrid corn plants. Hybrid corn grain yield at Lafayette, IN, was reduced by 23 and 22% due to competition with volunteer corn growing in densities of 8 plants m −2 in 2010 and 2011, respectively, but when volunteer corn grain yield was combined with the hybrid corn grain yield, there was no reduction in total grain yield. This study demonstrates that the competitive effects on the grain yield of the hybrid corn will be offset by the grain yield of the volunteer plants. However, because the unpredictable locations and densities of volunteer corn plants present challenges to machine harvesting, future studies should examine what proportion of the volunteer crop is actually harvestable.
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Claims 3
Claim · model-written summary
Volunteer corn competition reduced leaf area and biomass of hybrid corn plants.
- Taxon
- hybrid corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- Volunteer corn competitione1
- Interactor
- volunteer corne1weed
- Outcome
- leaf area and biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- 0 (control)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Volunteer corn competition reduced leaf area and biomass of hybrid corn plants”
e2“plots of hybrid corn at five densities: 0 (control), 0.5, 2, 4, and 8 plants m −2”
Claim · model-written summary
Hybrid corn grain yield at Lafayette, IN, was reduced by 23 and 22% in 2010 and 2011 by competition with volunteer corn at 8 plants m −2.
- Taxon
- hybrid cornZea mays subsp. mayse3
- Treatment
- competition with volunteer corne3
- Interactor
- volunteer corne3weed
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 23 and 22%e3
- Qualifier
- in 2010 and 2011e3
- Comparator
- 0 (control)e2
- Setting
- Lafayette, INe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Hybrid corn grain yield at Lafayette, IN, was reduced by 23 and 22% due to competition with volunteer corn growing in densities of 8 plants m −2 in 2010 and 2011, respectively”
e2“plots of hybrid corn at five densities: 0 (control), 0.5, 2, 4, and 8 plants m −2”
Claim · model-written summary
When volunteer corn grain yield was combined with hybrid corn grain yield, total grain yield showed no reduction.
- Taxon
- hybrid cornZea mays subsp. mayse4
- Treatment
- volunteer corne4
- Interactor
- volunteer corne4weed
- Outcome
- total grain yielde4
- Direction
- no reductione4
- Comparator
- 0 (control)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“but when volunteer corn grain yield was combined with the hybrid corn grain yield, there was no reduction in total grain yield”
e2“plots of hybrid corn at five densities: 0 (control), 0.5, 2, 4, and 8 plants m −2”
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