Abstract
Screening of different cultivated bamboo species to find out potential variety of bamboo is most important. Structural variations in term of anatomy, physical and strength properties of 3 year-old cultivated Gigantochloa brang, G. levis, G. scotechinii and G. wrayi were investigated for screening purposes. The culms of these bamboos were selected, harvested and processed for subsequent studies. The results show that each species exhibited differences in the anatomy, physical and strength properties. Each species has differences in the fiber characteristics which showed significant differences between species in terms of length, diameter and lumen sizes. The vascular bundle for these genera were between 4-7/4mm2 and were dense at the outer position in the cross section of the culm having 8.5 vascular bundle/4mm2, middle 4.88 vascular bundle/4mm2 and at the inner position having 3.4 vascular bundle per/4mm2. The vascular bundle length was between 845-1183 um and a width of 530-759 um. The fibre lengths were between (1745.00-2039.98 um), diameter (17.26-22.75 um), lumen (3.83-8.66 um) and wall thickness (1.3 -5.31um). The moisture content (MC) of the bamboo in green condition ranged between 73-112%, the MC is higher at internodes (95%) compared to nodes (78%). Position at inner layer has MC at 126%, middle at 83% and outer at 41%. Density increases from outer to inner layer which started from 500 kg/m2 at inner and increased to more than 820 kg/m2 at outer part of bamboo at 12% moisture content. The specific gravity for all species tested was about 0.69 - 0.78, but the inner position is 0.58, middle 0.73 and outer positions is 0.94. Shrinkage at radial, tangential and the volumetric were at 5-9, 7-12, and 10-17% respectively for all species. Position in a higher rate of shrinkage were at inner (8.6, 13.50, 15.44%), follow by middle (6.85, 9.72, 12.57%) and outer (5.04, 6.52, 10.40%) respectively. The tensile strength for the bamboos ranged between 103.38-122.15 MPa. The tensile strength of dried bamboo is 138.87 MPa compared with 89.95 MPa for green bamboo. The tensile of modulus of air dried bamboo is 4003.85 MPa compared with 2786.96 MPa for green bamboo. The modulus of rupture (MOR) for the bamboos ranged between 91.19-132 MPa. The MOR for dried bamboo was 142.21 MPa compared to the green bamboo 99.56 MPa. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) varies between 11961.70-20430.40 MPa. MOE of air dried bamboo was 17610.00 MPa and green bamboo 13777.80 MPa.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
The cultivated bamboo species differed in anatomy, physical properties and strength.
- Outcome
- anatomy, physical and strength propertiese0
Verbatim
e0“each species exhibited differences in the anatomy, physical and strength properties”
t0“Bamboo”
Claim · model-written summary
Fiber length, diameter and lumen size differed significantly among bamboo species.
- Outcome
- length, diameter and lumen sizese0
Verbatim
e0“significant differences between species in terms of length, diameter and lumen sizes”
t0“Bamboo”
Claim · model-written summary
Vascular bundles were denser at the outer culm than the middle or inner position.
Verbatim
e0“The vascular bundle for these genera were between 4-7/4mm2 and were dense at the outer position in the cross section of the culm having 8.5 vascular bundle/4mm2, middle 4.88 vascular bundle/4mm2 and at the inner position having 3.4 vascular bundle per/4mm2”
t0“Bamboo”
Claim · model-written summary
Vascular bundle length ranged from 845 to 1183 um.
Verbatim
e0“vascular bundle length was between 845-1183 um”
t0“Bamboo”
Claim · model-written summary
Vascular bundle width ranged from 530 to 759 um.
Verbatim
e0“a width of 530-759 um”
t0“Bamboo”
Claim · model-written summary
Bamboo fibre length ranged from 1745.00 to 2039.98 um.
Verbatim
e0“fibre lengths were between (1745.00-2039.98 um)”
t0“Bamboo”
Claim · model-written summary
Bamboo fibre diameter ranged from 17.26 to 22.75 um.
Verbatim
e0“diameter (17.26-22.75 um)”
t0“Bamboo”
Claim · model-written summary
Bamboo fibre lumen ranged from 3.83 to 8.66 um.
Verbatim
e0“lumen (3.83-8.66 um)”
t0“Bamboo”
Claim · model-written summary
Bamboo fibre wall thickness ranged from 1.3 to 5.31 um.
Verbatim
e0“wall thickness (1.3 -5.31um)”
t0“Bamboo”
Claim · model-written summary
Green bamboo moisture content ranged from 73 to 112%.
Verbatim
e0“moisture content (MC) of the bamboo in green condition ranged between 73-112%”
t0“Bamboo”
Claim · model-written summary
Moisture content was higher at internodes than nodes.
Verbatim
e0“MC is higher at internodes (95%) compared to nodes (78%)”
t0“Bamboo”
Claim · model-written summary
The inner culm layer had 126% moisture content.
Verbatim
e0“inner layer has MC at 126%”
t0“Bamboo”
Claim · model-written summary
The middle culm layer had 83% moisture content.
Verbatim
e0“middle at 83%”
t0“Bamboo”
Claim · model-written summary
The outer culm layer had 41% moisture content.
Verbatim
e0“outer at 41%”
t0“Bamboo”
Claim · model-written summary
Bamboo density was described as increasing from outer to inner layer.
Verbatim
e0“Density increases from outer to inner layer which started from 500 kg/m2 at inner and increased to more than 820 kg/m2 at outer part of bamboo at 12% moisture content”
t0“Bamboo”
Claim · model-written summary
Specific gravity across species was about 0.69 to 0.78.
Verbatim
e0“specific gravity for all species tested was about 0.69 - 0.78”
t0“Bamboo”
Claim · model-written summary
Tensile strength ranged from 103.38 to 122.15 MPa.
Verbatim
e0“tensile strength for the bamboos ranged between 103.38-122.15 MPa”
t0“Bamboo”
Claim · model-written summary
Dried bamboo tensile strength exceeded green bamboo tensile strength.
Verbatim
e0“tensile strength of dried bamboo is 138.87 MPa compared with 89.95 MPa for green bamboo”
t0“Bamboo”
Claim · model-written summary
Dried bamboo modulus of rupture exceeded green bamboo modulus of rupture.
Verbatim
e0“MOR for dried bamboo was 142.21 MPa compared to the green bamboo 99.56 MPa”
t0“Bamboo”
Claim · model-written summary
Air dried bamboo modulus of elasticity exceeded that of green bamboo.
Verbatim
e0“MOE of air dried bamboo was 17610.00 MPa and green bamboo 13777.80 MPa”
t0“Bamboo”