Abstract
Onion maggot, Delia alliaria Fonseca are considered to be a key pest of Alliaceous crops in many part of the World. There were no previous studies about this newly recorded pest in Iraq. Filed studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of two biopesticides and their effects on yield and quality of bulbs. The insecticide Dozer was applied for comparison. Results showed the superiority of Beauveria bassiana isolate BSA3 when sprayed after two and four weeks of emergence in the nursery, where infestation level were (12.66, 13.8 and 19.53) % and (14.00, 15.06 and 17.86) %after 2 and 4 weeks of application respectively. Results also indicated that spraying onion plants in the field with 2 isolates of B. bassiana resulted in significant reduction of infestation with the superiority of BSA3 isolate. Infestation rates were 14.57%, 16.88% and 25.49% for the treatment of BSA3, BSA1 and the control treatment. The relative efficiency of these isolates was 68.71 %, 62.16%. Yield increase was also reported for treated plots as (267.60, 256.20)g/plant compared with 216.20g/plant in the control treatment . Percentage of the first class bulbs was increased from 65.10 % in the control treatment to 78.60% and 71.70% for the 2 isolates BSA3 and BSA1 treatments respectively. The relative efficiency of the biopesticides was superior on Trigard and Dozer reaching 83.41 %, 66.06 % and 81.10% for the 3 treatment respectively. These treatments caused significant increase in plant yield, reached to (296.20, 252.50, and 285.60) gm / plant respectively compared with 239.50 gm / plant in the control treatment. A significant increase in the percentage of the first class bulbs of 79.66, 65.97, 76.54 % for the 3 treatment respectively. Compared to 62.45% for the control treatment. The possibility of using these Biopsticides in the control program for the onion maggot was also discussed.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
BSA3 was superior in nursery sprays after two and four weeks of emergence, with the reported infestation levels after two weeks of application.
- Taxon
- Delia alliaria Fonsecat0
- Treatment
- Beauveria bassiana isolate BSA3e0
- Interactor
- Delia alliaria Fonsecat0pest
- Second interactor
- Beauveria bassiana
Beauveria bassianae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- infestation levele0
- Direction
- superioritye0
- Value
- (12.66, 13.8 and 19.53) %e0
- Qualifier
- 2 and 4 weeks of application respectivelye0
- Setting
- nurserye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed the superiority of Beauveria bassiana isolate BSA3 when sprayed after two and four weeks of emergence in the nursery, where infestation level were (12.66, 13.8 and 19.53) % and (14.00, 15.06 and 17.86) %after 2 and 4 weeks of application respectively.”
t0“onion maggot, Delia alliaria Fonseca”
Claim · model-written summary
BSA3 nursery sprays had the reported infestation levels after four weeks of application.
- Taxon
- Delia alliaria Fonsecat0
- Treatment
- Beauveria bassiana isolate BSA3e0
- Interactor
- Delia alliaria Fonsecat0pest
- Second interactor
- Beauveria bassianaBeauveria bassianae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- infestation levele0
- Direction
- superioritye0
- Value
- (14.00, 15.06 and 17.86) %e0
- Qualifier
- 2 and 4 weeks of application respectivelye0
- Setting
- nurserye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed the superiority of Beauveria bassiana isolate BSA3 when sprayed after two and four weeks of emergence in the nursery, where infestation level were (12.66, 13.8 and 19.53) % and (14.00, 15.06 and 17.86) %after 2 and 4 weeks of application respectively.”
t0“Delia alliaria Fonseca”
Claim · model-written summary
Field BSA3 sprays significantly reduced infestation to 14.57%, with BSA3 superior among isolates.
- Taxon
- onion
Allium cepae0 - Treatment
- BSA3e1
- Interactor
- Delia alliaria Fonsecat0pest
- Second interactor
- B. bassianaBeauveria bassianae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Infestation ratese1
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 14.57%e1
- Qualifier
- 25.49%e1
- Comparator
- control treatmente1
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results also indicated that spraying onion plants in the field with 2 isolates of B. bassiana resulted in significant reduction of infestation with the superiority of BSA3 isolate.”
e1“Infestation rates were 14.57%, 16.88% and 25.49% for the treatment of BSA3, BSA1 and the control treatment.”
t0“Delia alliaria Fonseca”
Claim · model-written summary
Field BSA1 sprays significantly reduced infestation to 16.88% compared with 25.49% in controls.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- BSA1e1
- Interactor
- Delia alliaria Fonsecat0pest
- Second interactor
- B. bassianaBeauveria bassianae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Infestation ratese1
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 16.88%e1
- Qualifier
- 25.49%e1
- Comparator
- control treatmente1
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results also indicated that spraying onion plants in the field with 2 isolates of B. bassiana resulted in significant reduction of infestation with the superiority of BSA3 isolate.”
e1“Infestation rates were 14.57%, 16.88% and 25.49% for the treatment of BSA3, BSA1 and the control treatment.”
t0“Delia alliaria Fonseca”
Claim · model-written summary
BSA3 relative efficiency was 68.71%.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- BSA3e1
- Outcome
- relative efficiencye0
- Value
- 68.71 %e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative efficiency of these isolates was 68.71 %, 62.16%.”
e1“Infestation rates were 14.57%, 16.88% and 25.49% for the treatment of BSA3, BSA1 and the control treatment.”
t0“on onion”
Claim · model-written summary
BSA1 relative efficiency was 62.16%.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- BSA1e1
- Outcome
- relative efficiencye0
- Value
- 62.16%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative efficiency of these isolates was 68.71 %, 62.16%.”
e1“Infestation rates were 14.57%, 16.88% and 25.49% for the treatment of BSA3, BSA1 and the control treatment.”
t0“on onion”
Claim · model-written summary
BSA3 increased yield to 267.60 g/plant versus 216.20 g/plant in controls.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- BSA3e1
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 267.60e0
- Qualifier
- 216.20g/plante0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield increase was also reported for treated plots as (267.60, 256.20)g/plant compared with 216.20g/plant in the control treatment .”
e1“BSA3 and BSA1 treatments respectively”
t0“on onion”
Claim · model-written summary
BSA1 increased yield to 256.20 g/plant versus 216.20 g/plant in controls.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- BSA1e1
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 256.20)g/plante0
- Qualifier
- 216.20g/plante0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield increase was also reported for treated plots as (267.60, 256.20)g/plant compared with 216.20g/plant in the control treatment .”
e1“BSA3 and BSA1 treatments respectively”
t0“on onion”
Claim · model-written summary
BSA3 increased first-class bulbs to 78.60% from 65.10% in controls.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- BSA3e0
- Outcome
- Percentage of the first class bulbse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 78.60%e0
- Qualifier
- 65.10 %e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percentage of the first class bulbs was increased from 65.10 % in the control treatment to 78.60% and 71.70% for the 2 isolates BSA3 and BSA1 treatments respectively.”
t0“on onion”
Claim · model-written summary
BSA1 increased first-class bulbs to 71.70% from 65.10% in controls.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- BSA1e0
- Outcome
- Percentage of the first class bulbse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 71.70%e0
- Qualifier
- 65.10 %e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percentage of the first class bulbs was increased from 65.10 % in the control treatment to 78.60% and 71.70% for the 2 isolates BSA3 and BSA1 treatments respectively.”
t0“on onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Biopesticides had relative efficiency of 83.41%, reported as superior to Trigard and Dozer.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- biopesticidese0
- Outcome
- relative efficiencye0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Value
- 83.41 %e0
- Comparator
- Trigard and Dozere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative efficiency of the biopesticides was superior on Trigard and Dozer reaching 83.41 %, 66.06 % and 81.10% for the 3 treatment respectively.”
t0“on onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Trigard relative efficiency was 66.06%.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Trigarde0
- Outcome
- relative efficiencye0
- Value
- 66.06 %e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative efficiency of the biopesticides was superior on Trigard and Dozer reaching 83.41 %, 66.06 % and 81.10% for the 3 treatment respectively.”
t0“on onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Dozer relative efficiency was 81.10%.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Dozere0
- Outcome
- relative efficiencye0
- Value
- 81.10%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative efficiency of the biopesticides was superior on Trigard and Dozer reaching 83.41 %, 66.06 % and 81.10% for the 3 treatment respectively.”
t0“on onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Biopesticides significantly increased onion yield to 296.20 gm/plant versus 239.50 gm/plant in controls.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- biopesticidese1
- Outcome
- plant yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 296.20e0
- Qualifier
- 239.50 gm / plante0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These treatments caused significant increase in plant yield, reached to (296.20, 252.50, and 285.60) gm / plant respectively compared with 239.50 gm / plant in the control treatment.”
e1“The relative efficiency of the biopesticides was superior on Trigard and Dozer”
t0“on onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Trigard significantly increased onion yield to 252.50 gm/plant versus 239.50 gm/plant in controls.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Trigarde1
- Outcome
- plant yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 252.50e0
- Qualifier
- 239.50 gm / plante0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These treatments caused significant increase in plant yield, reached to (296.20, 252.50, and 285.60) gm / plant respectively compared with 239.50 gm / plant in the control treatment.”
e1“The relative efficiency of the biopesticides was superior on Trigard and Dozer”
t0“on onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Dozer significantly increased onion yield to 285.60 gm/plant versus 239.50 gm/plant in controls.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Dozere1
- Outcome
- plant yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 285.60) gm / plante0
- Qualifier
- 239.50 gm / plante0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These treatments caused significant increase in plant yield, reached to (296.20, 252.50, and 285.60) gm / plant respectively compared with 239.50 gm / plant in the control treatment.”
e1“The relative efficiency of the biopesticides was superior on Trigard and Dozer”
t0“on onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Biopesticides significantly increased first-class bulbs to 79.66% versus 62.45% in controls.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- biopesticidese1
- Outcome
- percentage of the first class bulbse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 79.66e0
- Qualifier
- 62.45%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant increase in the percentage of the first class bulbs of 79.66, 65.97, 76.54 % for the 3 treatment respectively. Compared to 62.45% for the control treatment.”
e1“The relative efficiency of the biopesticides was superior on Trigard and Dozer”
t0“on onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Trigard significantly increased first-class bulbs to 65.97% versus 62.45% in controls.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Trigarde1
- Outcome
- percentage of the first class bulbse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 65.97e0
- Qualifier
- 62.45%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant increase in the percentage of the first class bulbs of 79.66, 65.97, 76.54 % for the 3 treatment respectively. Compared to 62.45% for the control treatment.”
e1“The relative efficiency of the biopesticides was superior on Trigard and Dozer”
t0“on onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Dozer significantly increased first-class bulbs to 76.54% versus 62.45% in controls.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Dozere1
- Outcome
- percentage of the first class bulbse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 76.54 %e0
- Qualifier
- 62.45%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant increase in the percentage of the first class bulbs of 79.66, 65.97, 76.54 % for the 3 treatment respectively. Compared to 62.45% for the control treatment.”
e1“The relative efficiency of the biopesticides was superior on Trigard and Dozer”
t0“on onion”
The same questions in other papers
biocontrol · yield · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →biocontrol · molecular: metabolites · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.