Abstract
Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most economically important diseases of potato and tomato worldwide. Repeated preventative application of fungicides is the primary means of control on susceptible solanaceous host crops. For organic production, fungicide choices are limited, and little efficacy data on noncopper options is available on which to base control recommendations. Twelve fungicides, including organic and conventional selections, were evaluated for both preventative and postinfection control of a single infection cycle of late blight caused by isolates representing three recently identified P. infestans clonal lineages (US-22, US-23, and US-24) using a detached tomato leaf assay. A subset of the most effective fungicides was also tested for preventative control of a single infection cycle of late blight caused by an isolate of US-23 on potted whole tomato plants under laboratory conditions. Fungicide applications made 2 days after inoculation failed to significantly control late blight on detached leaves in all treatments, with the exception of Bravo Ultrex (US-23 only) and Phostrol (US-22 only). Preventative fungicide applications of Bravo Ultrex, Ridomil Gold SL, Revus, Zonix, and low and high rates of EF400 significantly controlled late blight caused by US-22, -23, and -24 isolates. Additionally, preventative application of Phostrol significantly controlled late blight caused by the US-22 isolate; and Phostrol, low rate of Mycostat, and high rate of Champ significantly controlled late blight caused by the US-23 isolate. Late blight caused by the US-24 isolate was significantly reduced compared with US-22 and US-23 isolates for all fungicide treatments applied after inoculation, as well as for all preventative fungicide treatments, with the exception of Bravo, Ridomil, and Revus. In whole-potted-plant assays with the US-23 isolate, late blight was significantly controlled by preventative application of Bravo Ultrex, Ridomil Gold SL, and high rate of EF400; disease was not significantly controlled by Zonix, low rate of EF400, Phostrol, or low and high rates of Champ. Based on these results, it is anticipated that currently available fungicides with suitability to conventional and organic systems can effectively control late blight caused by new clonal lineages of P. infestans when applied preventatively and that late blight caused by the US-24 clonal lineage may require less fungicide use than US-22 or US-23 to mitigate disease.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide applications made 2 days after inoculation failed to significantly control late blight on detached tomato leaves, with the exception of Bravo Ultrex (US-23 only) and Phostrol (US-22 only).
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Fungicide applications made 2 days after inoculatione1
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestanse0pathogen - Outcome
- control late blighte1
- Direction
- failed to significantly controle1
- Qualifier
- with the exception of Bravo Ultrex (US-23 only) and Phostrol (US-22 only)e1
- Setting
- detached leavese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most economically important diseases of potato and tomato worldwide”
e1“Fungicide applications made 2 days after inoculation failed to significantly control late blight on detached leaves in all treatments, with the exception of Bravo Ultrex (US-23 only) and Phostrol (US-22 only)”
Claim · model-written summary
Preventative fungicide applications of Bravo Ultrex, Ridomil Gold SL, Revus, Zonix and low and high rates of EF400 significantly controlled late blight caused by US-22, US-23 and US-24 isolates.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- US-22, -23, and -24 isolatese2
- Treatment
- Preventative fungicide applications of Bravo Ultrex, Ridomil Gold SL, Revus, Zonix, and low and high rates of EF400e2
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- late blighte2
- Direction
- significantly controllede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most economically important diseases of potato and tomato worldwide”
e2“Preventative fungicide applications of Bravo Ultrex, Ridomil Gold SL, Revus, Zonix, and low and high rates of EF400 significantly controlled late blight caused by US-22, -23, and -24 isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
Preventative application of Phostrol significantly controlled late blight caused by the US-22 isolate.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- US-22 isolatee3
- Treatment
- preventative application of Phostrole3
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- late blighte3
- Direction
- significantly controllede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most economically important diseases of potato and tomato worldwide”
e3“Additionally, preventative application of Phostrol significantly controlled late blight caused by the US-22 isolate; and Phostrol, low rate of Mycostat, and high rate of Champ significantly controlled late blight caused by the US-23 isolate”
Claim · model-written summary
Phostrol, low rate of Mycostat and high rate of Champ significantly controlled late blight caused by the US-23 isolate.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- US-23 isolatee3
- Treatment
- Phostrol, low rate of Mycostat, and high rate of Champe3
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- late blighte3
- Direction
- significantly controllede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most economically important diseases of potato and tomato worldwide”
e3“Additionally, preventative application of Phostrol significantly controlled late blight caused by the US-22 isolate; and Phostrol, low rate of Mycostat, and high rate of Champ significantly controlled late blight caused by the US-23 isolate”
Claim · model-written summary
Late blight caused by the US-24 isolate was significantly reduced compared with US-22 and US-23 isolates for all fungicide treatments applied after inoculation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- US-24 isolatee4
- Treatment
- all fungicide treatments applied after inoculatione4
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- Late blighte4
- Direction
- significantly reducede4
- Comparator
- US-22 and US-23 isolatese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most economically important diseases of potato and tomato worldwide”
e4“Late blight caused by the US-24 isolate was significantly reduced compared with US-22 and US-23 isolates for all fungicide treatments applied after inoculation, as well as for all preventative fungicide treatments, with the exception of Bravo, Ridomil, and Revus”
Claim · model-written summary
Late blight caused by the US-24 isolate was significantly reduced compared with US-22 and US-23 isolates for all preventative fungicide treatments, except Bravo, Ridomil and Revus.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- US-24 isolatee4
- Treatment
- all preventative fungicide treatmentse4
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- Late blighte4
- Direction
- significantly reducede4
- Qualifier
- with the exception of Bravo, Ridomil, and Revuse4
- Comparator
- US-22 and US-23 isolatese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most economically important diseases of potato and tomato worldwide”
e4“Late blight caused by the US-24 isolate was significantly reduced compared with US-22 and US-23 isolates for all fungicide treatments applied after inoculation, as well as for all preventative fungicide treatments, with the exception of Bravo, Ridomil, and Revus”
Claim · model-written summary
Preventative application of Bravo Ultrex, Ridomil Gold SL and high rate of EF400 significantly controlled late blight caused by the US-23 isolate in whole potted tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- US-23 isolatee5
- Treatment
- preventative application of Bravo Ultrex, Ridomil Gold SL, and high rate of EF400e5
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- late blighte5
- Direction
- significantly controllede5
- Setting
- whole-potted-plant assayse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most economically important diseases of potato and tomato worldwide”
e5“In whole-potted-plant assays with the US-23 isolate, late blight was significantly controlled by preventative application of Bravo Ultrex, Ridomil Gold SL, and high rate of EF400; disease was not significantly controlled by Zonix, low rate of EF400, Phostrol, or low and high rates of Champ”
Claim · model-written summary
Zonix, low rate of EF400, Phostrol and low and high rates of Champ did not significantly control disease caused by the US-23 isolate in whole potted tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- US-23 isolatee5
- Treatment
- Zonix, low rate of EF400, Phostrol, or low and high rates of Champe5
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- diseasee5
- Direction
- not significantly controllede5
- Setting
- whole-potted-plant assayse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most economically important diseases of potato and tomato worldwide”
e5“In whole-potted-plant assays with the US-23 isolate, late blight was significantly controlled by preventative application of Bravo Ultrex, Ridomil Gold SL, and high rate of EF400; disease was not significantly controlled by Zonix, low rate of EF400, Phostrol, or low and high rates of Champ”
Claim · model-written summary
Currently available fungicides can effectively control late blight caused by new P. infestans clonal lineages when applied preventatively.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- applied preventativelye6
- Outcome
- effectively control late blighte6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most economically important diseases of potato and tomato worldwide”
e6“Based on these results, it is anticipated that currently available fungicides with suitability to conventional and organic systems can effectively control late blight caused by new clonal lineages of P. infestans when applied preventatively and that late blight caused by the US-24 clonal lineage may require less fungicide use than US-22 or US-23 to mitigate disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Late blight caused by the US-24 clonal lineage may require less fungicide use than US-22 or US-23 to mitigate disease.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- US-24 clonal lineagee6
- Outcome
- less fungicide usee6
- Comparator
- US-22 or US-23e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most economically important diseases of potato and tomato worldwide”
e6“Based on these results, it is anticipated that currently available fungicides with suitability to conventional and organic systems can effectively control late blight caused by new clonal lineages of P. infestans when applied preventatively and that late blight caused by the US-24 clonal lineage may require less fungicide use than US-22 or US-23 to mitigate disease”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Phytophthora infestans · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →fungicide · Phytophthora infestans · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.