Abstract
Tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum L. (Solanaceae), is an important crop worldwide that is grown both outdoors and under protected structures, for fresh market consumption and for processing. In the Mariana Islands, tomato is grown as an outdoor crop throughout the year. Tomatoes are attacked by a variety of pests, including the tomato fruitworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and, in Pacific islands, the red spider mite Tetranychus marianae McGregor. These pests cause scarring, tissue damage, and aberrations in fruit shape or color, making the tomatoes undesirable for fresh market. Also, insect bodies, excretia or parts in fruits reduce their market suitability. Field trials aimed at improving management of these pests were undertaken at two locations in Guam (Yigo and Inarajan), USA in 2012 and 2013, assessing the efficacy of different biorational and conventional insecticides against T. marianae and H. armigera on tomato. At both locations, the mean percentage of mite-infested leaves and the population density of T. marianae were higher in control than in treated plots. An integrated pest management (IPM) program comprising sprays of selective insecticides (Petroleum spray oil, Beauveria bassiana, azadirachtin, and Bacillus thuringiensis), evaluated at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after transplantation of tomato seedlings, significantly reduced the number of T. marianae-infested leaves and the density of T. marianae over plots treated with carbaryl, malathion, six applications of B. bassiana or B. thuringiensis and over both controls at both locations. Similarly, significantly lower fruit damage by H. armigera was recorded in the plots treated with the IPM program than in plots treated with carbaryl, malathion, or the control treatments at both locations. Marketable tomato yields from the plots which received with the IPM program were significantly greater at both locations than were those in the other treatments.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Control plots had higher mite infested leaf percentages than treated plots.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- treated plotse0
- Interactor
- T. marianaeTetranychus marianaee0pest
- Outcome
- percentage of mite-infested leavese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mean percentage of mite-infested leaves and the population density of T. marianae were higher in control than in treated plots”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Control plots had higher T. marianae density than treated plots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treated plotse0
- Interactor
- T. marianaeTetranychus marianaee0pest
- Outcome
- population density of T. marianaee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mean percentage of mite-infested leaves and the population density of T. marianae were higher in control than in treated plots”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The IPM program significantly reduced T. marianae infested leaves relative to other treatments and controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- integrated pest management (IPM) programe0
- Interactor
- T. marianaeTetranychus marianaee0pest
- Outcome
- number of T. marianae-infested leavese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- plots treated with carbaryl, malathion, six applications of B. bassiana or B. thuringiensis and over both controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An integrated pest management (IPM) program comprising sprays of selective insecticides (Petroleum spray oil, Beauveria bassiana, azadirachtin, and Bacillus thuringiensis), evaluated at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after transplantation of tomato seedlings, significantly reduced the number of T. marianae-infested leaves and the density of T. marianae over plots treated with carbaryl, malathion, six applications of B. bassiana or B. thuringiensis and over both controls at both locations”
Claim · model-written summary
The IPM program significantly reduced T. marianae density relative to other treatments and controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- IPM) programe0
- Interactor
- T. marianaeTetranychus marianaee0pest
- Outcome
- density of T. marianaee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- plots treated with carbaryl, malathion, six applications of B. bassiana or B. thuringiensis and over both controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An integrated pest management (IPM) program comprising sprays of selective insecticides (Petroleum spray oil, Beauveria bassiana, azadirachtin, and Bacillus thuringiensis), evaluated at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after transplantation of tomato seedlings, significantly reduced the number of T. marianae-infested leaves and the density of T. marianae over plots treated with carbaryl, malathion, six applications of B. bassiana or B. thuringiensis and over both controls at both locations”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The IPM program significantly lowered H. armigera fruit damage versus conventional insecticides and controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- IPM programe0
- Interactor
- H. armigera
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=60)
Helicoverpa armigerae0pest - Outcome
- fruit damage by H. armigerae0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- plots treated with carbaryl, malathion, or the control treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“significantly lower fruit damage by H. armigera was recorded in the plots treated with the IPM program than in plots treated with carbaryl, malathion, or the control treatments at both locations”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Marketable tomato yield was significantly greater under the IPM program than other treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- IPM programe0
- Outcome
- Marketable tomato yieldse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Marketable tomato yields from the plots which received with the IPM program were significantly greater at both locations than were those in the other treatments”
The same questions in other papers
ipm · quality: postharvest · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →ipm · Helicoverpa armigera · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.