Abstract
Abstract: The occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) producing fungi in Moroccan grapes was studied for the first time. Hence, a three year survey was conducted to investigate the presence of black aspergilli and in vitro OTA production capacity in four vineyards between 2004 and 2006. Fungi isolated from grapes were analysed and only isolates belonging to the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium were evaluated. No Penicillium spp. was found while 360 strains of Aspergillus spp. that were isolated. The most abundant specie were member of Aspergillus niger aggregate (82.5%) whereas A. carbonarius isolates were recovered only occasionally and in small numbers (3.3%). All Aspergillus isolates (360) were tested for their ability to produce OTA in CYA medium. OTA was detected in all culture of A. carbonarius (12 isolates) and 42.8 % of A. niger aggregate isolates. Samples (n=22) collected in 2006 were analysed for their OTA content. Most of samples contained OTA at levels varying between 0.08 and 4.00 µg/kg. These results showed that Moroccan grapes were contaminated with ochratoxigenic species which represent a risk of OTA. Moreover, A. niger aggregate play the main role in the potential OTA contamination of grapes in vineyards with Mediterranean climates. Key words: Ochratoxin A Grapes Mycotoxin A. niger aggregate A. carbonarius
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Grape isolates yielded 360 strains of Aspergillus spp.
- Taxon
- grapese0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus spp.
Aspergilluse1other - Outcome
- strains of Aspergillus spp. that were isolatede1
- Value
- 360 strainse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungi isolated from grapes”
e1“No Penicillium spp. was found while 360 strains of Aspergillus spp. that were isolated”
Claim · model-written summary
No Penicillium spp. was found on grapes.
- Taxon
- grapese0
- Interactor
- Penicillium spp.
Penicilliume1other - Outcome
- Penicillium spp. was founde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungi isolated from grapes”
e1“No Penicillium spp. was found while 360 strains of Aspergillus spp. that were isolated”
Claim · model-written summary
Aspergillus niger aggregate was the most abundant species among grape isolates, at 82.5%.
- Taxon
- grapese0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus niger aggregate
Aspergillus nigere2other - Outcome
- most abundant speciee2
- Value
- 82.5%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungi isolated from grapes”
e2“The most abundant specie were member of Aspergillus niger aggregate (82.5%)”
Claim · model-written summary
A. carbonarius isolates were recovered only occasionally, at 3.3%.
Verbatim
e0“Fungi isolated from grapes”
e3“A. carbonarius isolates were recovered only occasionally and in small numbers (3.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
OTA was detected in all A. carbonarius cultures (12 isolates).
- Taxon
- grapese0
- Interactor
- A. carbonariusAspergillus carbonariuse4other
- Outcome
- OTA was detectede4
Verbatim
e0“Fungi isolated from grapes”
e4“OTA was detected in all culture of A. carbonarius (12 isolates) and 42.8 % of A. niger aggregate isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
OTA was detected in 42.8% of A. niger aggregate isolates.
- Taxon
- grapese0
- Interactor
- A. niger aggregateAspergillus nigere4other
- Outcome
- OTA was detectede4
- Value
- 42.8 %e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungi isolated from grapes”
e4“OTA was detected in all culture of A. carbonarius (12 isolates) and 42.8 % of A. niger aggregate isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
Most grape samples contained OTA at 0.08 to 4.00 µg/kg.
Verbatim
e0“Fungi isolated from grapes”
e5“Most of samples contained OTA at levels varying between 0.08 and 4.00 µg/kg”
Claim · model-written summary
A. niger aggregate plays the main role in potential OTA contamination of grapes in Mediterranean-climate vineyards.
- Taxon
- grapese6
- Interactor
- A. niger aggregateAspergillus nigere6other
- Outcome
- potential OTA contamination of grapese6
- Qualifier
- main rolee6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Moreover, A. niger aggregate play the main role in the potential OTA contamination of grapes in vineyards with Mediterranean climates”