Penicillium 42 claims

genus · family Aspergillaceae · fungus · NCBI Taxonomy ↗

NCBI synonyms: Eupenicillium

7 spellings

Penicillium · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryMilo Manica · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

42 claims

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Penicillium relative abundance increased after RSD.

Taxon: PenicilliumPenicilliume0
Treatment: RSD treatmente1
Outcome: relative abundancee0
Direction: increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus , Arthrobacter , Streptomyces , and Penicillium increased, whereas that of harmful microorganisms such as Fusarium decreased.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 869–1063

e1
“RSD treatment promoted cucumber growth and development and significantly increased yield.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1064–1153

Title

Effects of reductive soil disinfestation on the composition of the soil microbial community in degraded facility cucumber

Botong Liao; Guoping Hu; Zhihua Liu; et al. Microbiology Spectrum 2026. doi:10.1128/spectrum.00395-25

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect RSD increased soil pH, organic matter and available nitrogen.
Intervention effect RSD increased available potassium contents.
Intervention effect RSD increased soil sucrase, urease and catalase activities.
Intervention effect RSD greatly altered bacterial community composition and decreased bacterial Chao1 and Shannon indices.
Intervention effect RSD greatly altered fungal community composition and decreased fungal Chao1 and Shannon indices.
Intervention effect Bacillus relative abundance increased after RSD.
Intervention effect Arthrobacter relative abundance increased after RSD.
Intervention effect Streptomyces relative abundance increased after RSD.
Intervention effect Fusarium relative abundance decreased after RSD.
Intervention effect RSD promoted cucumber growth and development.
Intervention effect RSD significantly increased cucumber yield.
Intervention effect Pepper straw was the most effective RSD organic material based on soil and cucumber responses.
Intervention effect Vegetable straw RSD can alleviate greenhouse cucumber continuous cropping obstacles.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Penicillium spores and mycelia had similar in vitro difenoconazole sensitivity across species.

Taxon: Penicillium spp.Penicilliumt0
Outcome: sensitivities of spores and myceliae0
Direction: similare0

Verbatim

e0
“In vitro sensitivity assays showed similar sensitivities of spores and mycelia across species”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 601–694

t0
“Penicillium spp.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 96–112

Title

Sensitivity to the Demethylation Inhibitor Difenoconazole Among Baseline Populations of Various Penicillium spp. Causing Blue Mold of Apples and Pears

Madan Pandey; Clayton L. Haskell; Juliette D. Cowell; et al. Journal of Fungi 2025. doi:10.3390/jof11010061

Other claims from this paper (14)

Observation Mean EC50 ranged from 0.01 for P. psychrosexuale to 1.33 μg mL−1 for P. palitans.
Observation Mean EC50 for P. expansum was 0.03 μg mL−1.
Observation Mean EC50 for P. paneum was 0.12 μg mL−1.
Observation Mean EC50 for P. solitum was 0.19 μg mL−1.
Observation Mean EC50 for P. crustosum was 0.51 μg mL−1.
Intervention effect Recommended difenoconazole rate controlled P. expansum isolates on Fuji apples after five months at 1.5 °C.
Intervention effect Recommended difenoconazole rate controlled P. roqueforti isolates on Fuji apples after five months at 1.5 °C.
Intervention effect Recommended difenoconazole rate did not control all isolates of four other Penicillium species on Fuji apples.
Intervention effect DIF + fludioxonil controlled dual-sensitive isolates among six species.
Intervention effect DIF + fludioxonil controlled DIF single-resistant isolates among six species.
Intervention effect DIF + fludioxonil did not control FDL-resistant isolates.
Intervention effect DIF + fludioxonil did not control dual DIF/FDL-resistant isolates.
Observation Four mutations at four residues marked CYP51 polymorphism among non-expansum species.
Observation Penicillium species had variable difenoconazole sensitivity despite no previous exposure.

Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Penicillium species had variable difenoconazole sensitivity despite no previous exposure.

Taxon: Penicillium spp.Penicilliume0
Outcome: variable sensitivity levelse0
Qualifier: had not previously been exposed to DIFe0

Verbatim

e0
“Although the isolates analyzed in this study had not previously been exposed to DIF, the findings indicate variable sensitivity levels among the Penicillium spp.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1501–1662

Title

Sensitivity to the Demethylation Inhibitor Difenoconazole Among Baseline Populations of Various Penicillium spp. Causing Blue Mold of Apples and Pears

Madan Pandey; Clayton L. Haskell; Juliette D. Cowell; et al. Journal of Fungi 2025. doi:10.3390/jof11010061

Other claims from this paper (14)

Observation Penicillium spores and mycelia had similar in vitro difenoconazole sensitivity across species.
Observation Mean EC50 ranged from 0.01 for P. psychrosexuale to 1.33 μg mL−1 for P. palitans.
Observation Mean EC50 for P. expansum was 0.03 μg mL−1.
Observation Mean EC50 for P. paneum was 0.12 μg mL−1.
Observation Mean EC50 for P. solitum was 0.19 μg mL−1.
Observation Mean EC50 for P. crustosum was 0.51 μg mL−1.
Intervention effect Recommended difenoconazole rate controlled P. expansum isolates on Fuji apples after five months at 1.5 °C.
Intervention effect Recommended difenoconazole rate controlled P. roqueforti isolates on Fuji apples after five months at 1.5 °C.
Intervention effect Recommended difenoconazole rate did not control all isolates of four other Penicillium species on Fuji apples.
Intervention effect DIF + fludioxonil controlled dual-sensitive isolates among six species.
Intervention effect DIF + fludioxonil controlled DIF single-resistant isolates among six species.
Intervention effect DIF + fludioxonil did not control FDL-resistant isolates.
Intervention effect DIF + fludioxonil did not control dual DIF/FDL-resistant isolates.
Observation Four mutations at four residues marked CYP51 polymorphism among non-expansum species.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Penicillium species were eliminated from treated sugarbeet roots.

Taxon: Penicillium spp.Penicilliume0
Organ / stage: rootse0
Treatment: ClO 2 treatede0
Outcome: Storage pathogense0
Direction: eliminatede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Storage pathogens, including Penicillium spp., Pichia membranifaciens , and Leuconostoc suionicum , were eliminated from ClO 2 treated sugarbeet roots”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 856–1006

Title

Low concentrations of chlorine dioxide gas reduce postharvest diseases and improve storage quality of sugarbeet

Sandesh Dangi; Grant R. Herges; John D. Eide; et al. Postharvest Biology and Technology 2025. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2025.113830

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Low doses of chlorine dioxide reduced Penicillium vulpinum conidial germination.
Intervention effect Higher chlorine dioxide doses eliminated nearly all Penicillium vulpinum conidial viability.
Intervention effect Chlorine dioxide reduced pathogen growth during sugarbeet storage.
Intervention effect Chlorine dioxide reduced tissue damage during sugarbeet storage.
Intervention effect Pichia membranifaciens was eliminated from treated sugarbeet roots.
Intervention effect Leuconostoc suionicum was eliminated from treated sugarbeet roots.
Intervention effect Sucrose retention was numerically higher in treated sugarbeet roots without a statistically significant difference.
Intervention effect Chlorine dioxide reduced invert sugar formation in sugarbeet roots.
Intervention effect Chlorine dioxide at 0.05 and 0.1 g kg−1 reduced raffinose content in sugarbeet roots.
Intervention effect Chlorine dioxide treatment maintained sugarbeet root firmness.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Penicillium tolerated insecticide pressure well.

Taxon: PenicilliumPenicilliume0
Material: SH1533734.08FU, SH1692798.08FUe0
Treatment: permethrin and cypermethrine1
Outcome: tolerated welle1

Verbatim

e0
“and by the fungi Penicillium (SH1533734.08FU, SH1692798.08FU) and Trichocladium (SH1615601.08FU).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1196–1293

e1
“The pressure of permethrin and cypermethrin was tolerated well”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1004–1066

Title

The Impact of Permethrin and Cypermethrin on Plants, Soil Enzyme Activity, and Microbial Communities

Agata Borowik; Jadwiga Wyszkowska; Magdalena Zaborowska; et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2023. doi:10.3390/ijms24032892

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Permethrin and cypermethrin stimulated cultured organotrophic bacteria multiplication by 38.3% on average.
Intervention effect Permethrin and cypermethrin stimulated actinomycete multiplication by 80.2% on average.
Intervention effect Permethrin and cypermethrin inhibited fungal growth by 31.7% on average.
Intervention effect The insecticides inhibited soil enzymatic activity and reduced its biochemical fertility index by 27.7%.
Intervention effect The insecticides modified Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria OTU numbers.
Intervention effect The insecticides modified Ascomycota and Basidiomycota OTU numbers.
Observation Sphingomonas clones tolerated insecticide pressure well.
Observation Bacillus clones tolerated insecticide pressure well.
Observation Trichocladium tolerated insecticide pressure well.
Intervention effect Both insecticides decreased maize leaf greenness.
Intervention effect Maize cultivation benefited soil enzymes and microorganisms and mitigated insecticide-induced anomalies.
Intervention effect Permethrin decreased maize aerial-part yield by 37.9%.
Intervention effect Permethrin decreased maize root yield by 33.9%.
Intervention effect Cypermethrin decreased maize aerial-part yield by 16.8%.
Intervention effect Cypermethrin decreased maize root yield by 4.3%.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Penicillium sp. was identified as a seed contaminant.

Taxon: Penicillium sp.Penicilliume0
Outcome: identifiede0

Verbatim

e0
“Four genera of fungi were identified: Monilinia sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., and Alternaria alternata”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1464–1575

Title

Establishment of an efficient protocol for in vitro disinfection of seeds of seven Agave spp. species

María Guadalupe Aguilar-Rito; Amaury Martín Arzate-Fernández; Hilda Guadalupe García-Núñez; et al. Revista mexicana de fitopatología(en línea)/Revista mexicana de fitopatología 2023. doi:10.18781/r.mex.fit.2310-1

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect The combined copper sulfate, mercuric chloride II and hydrogen peroxide treatment was best and obtained 100% seed disinfection.
Observation Monilinia sp. was identified as a seed contaminant.
Observation Aspergillus sp. was identified as a seed contaminant.
Observation Alternaria alternata was identified as a seed contaminant.
Observation Bacillus sp. was identified as a seed contaminant.
Observation Schizosaccharomyces sp. was identified as a seed contaminant.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Penicillium sp were isolated from weed samples.

Taxon: Penicillium spPenicilliume0
Interactor: weede0host
Outcome: isolated from the weed samplese0

Verbatim

e0
“Three fungal pathogens namely; Aspergillus spp, Fusarium sp, Penicillium sp known to produce toxins (aflatoxin, fumonisin and patulin, respectively), were isolated from the weed samples.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 891–1077

Title

Fungal organisms associated with common tropical weeds in Choba Rivers State Nigeria

Jane Echendu, Monday Godwin-Egein; Udensi Ekea Udensi; Kuromiayebaye Digitemie; et al. Sustainability Agri Food and Environmental Research 2023. doi:10.7770/safer-v13n1-art623

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observation Twenty-seven broadleaf weed species were collected.
Observation Five grass weed species were collected.
Observation Three sedge weed species were collected.
Observation Aspergillus spp were isolated from weed samples.
Observation Fusarium sp were isolated from weed samples.
Association Cyperus esculentus was associated with the isolated fungal pathogens.
Association Phyllanthus amarus var niruri was associated with the isolated fungal pathogens.
Association Panicum maximum was associated with the isolated fungal pathogens.
Observation The weeds were well distributed across plots and could be alternate hosts posing crop risks.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Multilocus phylogeny identified CS29 as Penicillium sp.

Taxon: Penicillium sp.Penicilliume0
Material: CS29e0
Outcome: identified CS04 and CS29 as Talaromyces sp. and Penicillium sp., respectivelye0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“A multilocus phylogenetic analysis identified CS04 and CS29 as Talaromyces sp. and Penicillium sp., respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 766–878

Title

Endophytic Fungi Prevent Corm Rot Disease and Stimulate the Growth and Metabolism of Crocus sativus

S. Du; J. Lu; B. Hu; et al. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology 2023. doi:10.1134/s0003683823040038

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation Thirty-four endophytes were isolated from Crocus sativus corms in Hecun Village.
Intervention effect CS04 enhanced C. sativus biomass.
Intervention effect CS29 enhanced C. sativus biomass.
Intervention effect CS04 induced specialized metabolite accumulation, including crocin I and II, in C. sativus.
Intervention effect CS29 induced specialized metabolite accumulation, including crocin I and II, in C. sativus.
Intervention effect CS04 antagonized pathogenic fungal growth associated with rot disease.
Intervention effect CS29 antagonized pathogenic fungal growth associated with rot disease.
Observation Multilocus phylogeny identified CS04 as Talaromyces sp.
Intervention effect CS04 increased stress-related enzyme activities in C. sativus.
Intervention effect CS29 increased stress-related enzyme activities in C. sativus.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Penicillium sp. was a prominent pathogen associated with storage decay.

Taxon: Penicillium sp.Penicilliume0
Interactor: Penicillium sp.Penicilliume0pathogen
Outcome: pathogens associated with decay losse0

Verbatim

e0
“The most prominent pathogens associated with decay loss were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Diplodia natalensis and Penicillium sp. during the storage period.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1201–1374

Title

Impact of Certain Fungicides and Calcium Nitrate on Quality and Shelf Life of Kinnow Mandarin

. Sukrampal; G. S. Rana; . Vikalp; et al. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 2022. doi:10.9734/ijecc/2022/v12i1131188

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Fungicide, nimbecidine, calcium nitrate and mixture treatments reduced Kinnow fruit rotting relative to untreated plants.
Intervention effect Carbendazim 0.05% plus calcium nitrate 1% was the most successful treatment for postharvest fruit rot.
Intervention effect Preharvest treatments did not significantly affect Kinnow TSS, acidity or TSS/acid ratio.
Intervention effect Preharvest treatments did not significantly affect Kinnow reducing, non-reducing or total sugar.
Intervention effect Mancozeb 0.2% plus calcium nitrate 1% gave maximum storage ascorbic acid of 24.10 mg/100 ml of juice.
Intervention effect Propiconazole 0.05% plus calcium nitrate 1% gave maximum storage ascorbic acid of 24.10 mg/100 ml of juice.
Observation Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was a prominent pathogen associated with storage decay.
Observation Diplodia natalensis was a prominent pathogen associated with storage decay.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cultured Penicillium isolates lacked detectable AFs and OTA.

Taxon: PenicilliumPenicilliume0
Outcome: no detection of AFs and OTAe0
Qualifier: isolated from pepper pods, cumin and coriander seeds and Merkéne0

Verbatim

e0
“There was no detection of AFs and OTA on cultured Aspergillus and Penicillium strains isolated from pepper pods, cumin and coriander seeds and Merkén.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 654–804

Title

Occurrence of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A during Merkén Pepper Powder Production in Chile

Jéssica Costa; Carla Santos; Carla Santos; et al. Foods 2022. doi:10.3390/foods11233843

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation AFs and OTA were undetected on pepper pods and seeds.
Observation Cultured Aspergillus isolates lacked detectable AFs and OTA.
Mechanism Absence of toxin-producing fungi may explain the absence of pepper-pod contamination.
Observation AFB1 occurred in 75% of farmers' Merkén.
Observation AFB1 occurred in 46% of market Merkén samples.
Observation OTA occurred in all Merkén samples from farmers and local markets.
Observation Harvest and postharvest are key fungal-growth stages in the Merkén chain.
Observation Commercialization is highly susceptible to AFs and OTA contamination.