Abstract
Belowground communities can affect interactions between plants and aboveground insect communities. Such belowground–aboveground interactions are known to depend on the composition of belowground communities, as well as on the plant species that mediates these interactions. However, it is largely unknown whether the effect of belowground communities on aboveground plant–insect interactions also depends on genotypic variation within the plant species that mediates the interaction. To assess whether the outcome of belowground–aboveground interactions can be affected by plant genotype, we selected two white cabbage cultivars [Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata (Brassicaceae)]. From previous studies, it is known that these cultivars differ in their chemistry and belowground and aboveground multitrophic interactions. Belowground, we inoculated soils of the cultivars with either nematodes or microorganisms and included a sterilized soil as a control treatment. Aboveground, we quantified aphid [Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)] population development and parasitoid [Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)] fitness parameters. The cultivar that sustained highest aphid numbers also had the best parasitoid performance. Soil treatment affected aphid population sizes: microorganisms increased aphid population growth. Soil treatments did not affect parasitoid performance. Cultivars differed in their amino acid concentration, leaf relative growth rate, and root, shoot, and phloem glucosinolate composition but showed similar responses of these traits to soil treatments. Consistent with this observation, no interactions were found between cultivar and soil treatment for aphid population growth or parasitoid performance. Overall, the aboveground community was more affected by cultivar, which was associated with glucosinolate profiles, than by soil community.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The cabbage cultivar that sustained the highest aphid numbers had the best parasitoid performance.
- Taxon
- white cabbagee0
- Interactor
- Brevicoryne brassicae
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Brevicoryne brassicaee1pest - Outcome
- aphid numberse2
- Direction
- higheste2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“we selected two white cabbage cultivars [Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata (Brassicaceae)]”
e1“Aboveground, we quantified aphid [Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)] population development and parasitoid [Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)] fitness parameters”
e2“The cultivar that sustained highest aphid numbers also had the best parasitoid performance”
Claim · model-written summary
The cultivar with the highest aphid numbers had the best parasitoid performance.
- Taxon
- white cabbagee0
- Interactor
- Diaeretiella rapae
Diaeretiella rapaee1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- parasitoid performancee2
- Direction
- beste2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we selected two white cabbage cultivars [Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata (Brassicaceae)]”
e1“Aboveground, we quantified aphid [Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)] population development and parasitoid [Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)] fitness parameters”
e2“The cultivar that sustained highest aphid numbers also had the best parasitoid performance”
Claim · model-written summary
Microorganisms in the soil increased aphid population growth relative to sterilized soil.
- Taxon
- white cabbagee0
- Treatment
- microorganismse4
- Interactor
- Brevicoryne brassicaeBrevicoryne brassicaee1pest
- Outcome
- aphid population growthe3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- sterilized soile4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we selected two white cabbage cultivars [Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata (Brassicaceae)]”
e1“Aboveground, we quantified aphid [Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)] population development and parasitoid [Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)] fitness parameters”
e3“Soil treatment affected aphid population sizes: microorganisms increased aphid population growth”
e4“we inoculated soils of the cultivars with either nematodes or microorganisms and included a sterilized soil as a control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil treatments did not affect parasitoid performance.
- Taxon
- white cabbagee0
- Treatment
- Soil treatmentse5
- Interactor
- Diaeretiella rapaeDiaeretiella rapaee1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- parasitoid performancee5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
- Comparator
- sterilized soile4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we selected two white cabbage cultivars [Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata (Brassicaceae)]”
e1“Aboveground, we quantified aphid [Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)] population development and parasitoid [Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)] fitness parameters”
e4“we inoculated soils of the cultivars with either nematodes or microorganisms and included a sterilized soil as a control treatment”
e5“Soil treatments did not affect parasitoid performance”
Claim · model-written summary
Cabbage cultivars differed in amino acid concentration and leaf relative growth rate.
Verbatim
e0“we selected two white cabbage cultivars [Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata (Brassicaceae)]”
e6“Cultivars differed in their amino acid concentration, leaf relative growth rate, and root, shoot, and phloem glucosinolate composition but showed similar responses of these traits to soil treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Cabbage cultivars differed in root, shoot and phloem glucosinolate composition.
Verbatim
e0“we selected two white cabbage cultivars [Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata (Brassicaceae)]”
e6“Cultivars differed in their amino acid concentration, leaf relative growth rate, and root, shoot, and phloem glucosinolate composition but showed similar responses of these traits to soil treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Cabbage cultivars showed similar responses of these traits to soil treatments.
Verbatim
e0“we selected two white cabbage cultivars [Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata (Brassicaceae)]”
e6“Cultivars differed in their amino acid concentration, leaf relative growth rate, and root, shoot, and phloem glucosinolate composition but showed similar responses of these traits to soil treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
No interaction between cabbage cultivar and soil treatment was found for aphid population growth or parasitoid performance.
- Taxon
- white cabbagee0
- Material
- cultivare6
- Treatment
- soil treatmente6
- Interactor
- Brevicoryne brassicaeBrevicoryne brassicaee1pest
- Outcome
- aphid population growth or parasitoid performancee6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we selected two white cabbage cultivars [Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata (Brassicaceae)]”
e1“Aboveground, we quantified aphid [Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)] population development and parasitoid [Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)] fitness parameters”
e6“no interactions were found between cultivar and soil treatment for aphid population growth or parasitoid performance”
Claim · model-written summary
The aboveground community was more affected by cabbage cultivar than by soil community, with the cultivar effect associated with glucosinolate profiles.
Verbatim
e0“we selected two white cabbage cultivars [Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata (Brassicaceae)]”
e7“Overall, the aboveground community was more affected by cultivar, which was associated with glucosinolate profiles, than by soil community”