Abstract
summary The responses of two native British orchids, Orchis morio L. and Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó, to shading were tested using 7‐ and 8‐month‐old symbiotically propagated seedlings. Seedlings were raised in culture, set into tubes of clay and chalk soil and grown under shade screens for 10‐wk in a controlled environment chamber in deep green shade, green shade, neutral shade, and unshaded (photosynthetic photon fluence rates (PPFR) 24, 54, 54 and 225 μmol m −2 s −1 respectively). The dicotyledonous perennial Leontodon hispidus L. was also tested for comparison. The orchids tolerated shade more than did L. hispidus , in which a decrease in PPFR led to a decrease in d.wt, an increase in specific lead area (SLA) and elongation of the petioles. In O. morio , lower PPFR led to only a slight decrease in d.wt in the most shaded treatment, an increase in SLA similar to that of L. hispidus , and an increase in the vertical inclination of some leaves. In D. fuchsii lower PPFR led to a reduction in d.wt, mainly in the roots at higher, and in the leaves at lower, photon irradiance. A change from neutral to green shade reduced growth in L. hispidus , but had no effect on either orchid. The physiological and ecological implications of shade tolerance in orchid seedlings are discussed.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Orchids tolerated shade more than Leontodon hispidus did.
Verbatim
e0“The orchids tolerated shade more than did L. hispidus”
e7“grown under shade screens for 10‐wk in a controlled environment chamber”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower photosynthetic photon fluence rate reduced dry weight of Leontodon hispidus.
- Taxon
- L. hispidus
Leontodon hispiduse0 - Treatment
- a decrease in PPFRe0
- Outcome
- d.wte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Setting
- controlled environment chambere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The orchids tolerated shade more than did L. hispidus , in which a decrease in PPFR led to a decrease in d.wt”
e7“grown under shade screens for 10‐wk in a controlled environment chamber”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower photosynthetic photon fluence rate increased specific leaf area (SLA) of Leontodon hispidus.
- Taxon
- L. hispidusLeontodon hispiduse0
- Treatment
- a decrease in PPFRe0
- Outcome
- specific lead area (SLA)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Setting
- controlled environment chambere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The orchids tolerated shade more than did L. hispidus , in which a decrease in PPFR led to a decrease in d.wt, an increase in specific lead area (SLA) and elongation of the petioles”
e7“grown under shade screens for 10‐wk in a controlled environment chamber”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower photosynthetic photon fluence rate caused elongation of the petioles of Leontodon hispidus.
- Taxon
- L. hispidusLeontodon hispiduse0
- Treatment
- a decrease in PPFRe0
- Outcome
- elongation of the petiolese0
- Direction
- elongatione0
- Setting
- controlled environment chambere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The orchids tolerated shade more than did L. hispidus , in which a decrease in PPFR led to a decrease in d.wt, an increase in specific lead area (SLA) and elongation of the petioles”
e7“grown under shade screens for 10‐wk in a controlled environment chamber”
Claim · model-written summary
In Orchis morio, lower photosynthetic photon fluence rate caused only a slight decrease in dry weight in the most shaded treatment.
- Taxon
- O. morio
Anacamptis morioe0 - Treatment
- lower PPFRe0
- Outcome
- d.wte0
- Direction
- slight decreasee0
- Qualifier
- in the most shaded treatmente0
- Setting
- controlled environment chambere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In O. morio , lower PPFR led to only a slight decrease in d.wt in the most shaded treatment, an increase in SLA similar to that of L. hispidus , and an increase in the vertical inclination of some leaves”
e7“grown under shade screens for 10‐wk in a controlled environment chamber”
Claim · model-written summary
In Orchis morio, lower photosynthetic photon fluence rate increased SLA similarly to Leontodon hispidus.
- Taxon
- O. morioAnacamptis morioe0
- Treatment
- lower PPFRe0
- Outcome
- SLAe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- similar to that of L. hispiduse0
- Comparator
- L. hispiduse0
- Setting
- controlled environment chambere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In O. morio , lower PPFR led to only a slight decrease in d.wt in the most shaded treatment, an increase in SLA similar to that of L. hispidus , and an increase in the vertical inclination of some leaves”
e7“grown under shade screens for 10‐wk in a controlled environment chamber”
Claim · model-written summary
In Orchis morio, lower photosynthetic photon fluence rate increased the vertical inclination of some leaves.
- Taxon
- O. morioAnacamptis morioe0
- Treatment
- lower PPFRe0
- Outcome
- vertical inclination of some leavese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Setting
- controlled environment chambere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In O. morio , lower PPFR led to only a slight decrease in d.wt in the most shaded treatment, an increase in SLA similar to that of L. hispidus , and an increase in the vertical inclination of some leaves”
e7“grown under shade screens for 10‐wk in a controlled environment chamber”
Claim · model-written summary
In Dactylorhiza fuchsii, lower photosynthetic photon fluence rate reduced dry weight mainly in roots at higher photon irradiance.
- Taxon
- D. fuchsii
Dactylorhiza fuchsiie0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- lower PPFRe0
- Outcome
- d.wte0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- at highere0
- Setting
- controlled environment chambere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In D. fuchsii lower PPFR led to a reduction in d.wt, mainly in the roots at higher, and in the leaves at lower, photon irradiance”
e7“grown under shade screens for 10‐wk in a controlled environment chamber”
Claim · model-written summary
In Dactylorhiza fuchsii, lower photosynthetic photon fluence rate reduced dry weight mainly in leaves at lower photon irradiance.
- Taxon
- D. fuchsiiDactylorhiza fuchsiie0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- lower PPFRe0
- Outcome
- d.wte0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- at lowere0
- Setting
- controlled environment chambere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In D. fuchsii lower PPFR led to a reduction in d.wt, mainly in the roots at higher, and in the leaves at lower, photon irradiance”
e7“grown under shade screens for 10‐wk in a controlled environment chamber”
Claim · model-written summary
Changing from neutral to green shade reduced growth of Leontodon hispidus.
- Taxon
- L. hispidusLeontodon hispiduse0
- Treatment
- change from neutral to green shadee0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- neutrale0
- Setting
- controlled environment chambere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A change from neutral to green shade reduced growth in L. hispidus , but had no effect on either orchid”
e7“grown under shade screens for 10‐wk in a controlled environment chamber”
Claim · model-written summary
Changing from neutral to green shade had no effect on the growth of either orchid.
Verbatim
e0“A change from neutral to green shade reduced growth in L. hispidus , but had no effect on either orchid”
e7“grown under shade screens for 10‐wk in a controlled environment chamber”