Abstract
Cadmium (Cd)-induced stress in hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) was investigated by growing seedlings in a nutrient solution containing increasing cadmium concentrations (0 to 50 μM), under strictly controlled growth conditions. Changes consequent to Cd uptake in growth parameters, enzyme activities and other stress response factors directly or indirectly are related to the cellular free radical scavenging systems. Antioxidants and other stress response components were studied in roots and leaves of 10-day old seedlings over 72 h of exposure. A significant decrease in length, relative water content (RWC), weight of shoot and root, and chlorophyll content was observed in seedlings growing on >10 μM CdCl2. Oxidative stress markers, H2O2, malondialdehyde, proline and total soluble sugars were elevated in both leaves and roots. Ascorbate and phenol contents increased in leaves, but, decreased in roots. Reduced glutathione levels declined in both tissues. Cd stress enhanced antioxidant enzymes, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in concentration and time dependent manner in leaves. Antioxidant enzymes in roots showed inverse relationship with concentration and time of exposure. Catalase activity was found to decrease in both leaves and roots. Metabolic enzymes β-amylase and acid phosphatase activity increased in both leaves and roots. The results suggest that primary antioxidative response originates from leaves of Hyacinth bean even though roots are involved in direct uptake of heavy metals. The root tends to accumulate Cd and thus excludes its uptake by leaves. Key words: Antioxidants, antioxidant enzymes, cadmium, Hyacinth bean.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium above 10 μM decreased length, relative water content and shoot and root weight in hyacinth bean seedlings.
- Taxon
- Lablab purpureus
Lablab purpureuse0 - Organ / stage
- seedlingse1
- Treatment
- >10 μM CdCl2e1
- Outcome
- length, relative water content (RWC), weight of shoot and roote1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium (Cd)-induced stress in hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) was investigated by growing seedlings in a nutrient solution containing increasing cadmium concentrations (0 to 50 μM), under strictly controlled growth conditions”
e1“A significant decrease in length, relative water content (RWC), weight of shoot and root, and chlorophyll content was observed in seedlings growing on >10 μM CdCl2”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium above 10 μM decreased chlorophyll content in hyacinth bean seedlings.
- Taxon
- Lablab purpureusLablab purpureuse0
- Treatment
- >10 μM CdCl2e1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium (Cd)-induced stress in hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) was investigated by growing seedlings in a nutrient solution containing increasing cadmium concentrations (0 to 50 μM), under strictly controlled growth conditions”
e1“A significant decrease in length, relative water content (RWC), weight of shoot and root, and chlorophyll content was observed in seedlings growing on >10 μM CdCl2”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium elevated H2O2, malondialdehyde and proline in leaves and roots of hyacinth bean.
- Taxon
- Lablab purpureusLablab purpureuse0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse2
- Outcome
- H2O2, malondialdehyde, prolinee2
- Direction
- elevatede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium (Cd)-induced stress in hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) was investigated by growing seedlings in a nutrient solution containing increasing cadmium concentrations (0 to 50 μM), under strictly controlled growth conditions”
e2“Oxidative stress markers, H2O2, malondialdehyde, proline and total soluble sugars were elevated in both leaves and roots. Ascorbate and phenol contents increased in leaves, but, decreased in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium elevated total soluble sugars in leaves and roots of hyacinth bean.
- Taxon
- Lablab purpureusLablab purpureuse0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse2
- Outcome
- total soluble sugarse2
- Direction
- elevatede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium (Cd)-induced stress in hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) was investigated by growing seedlings in a nutrient solution containing increasing cadmium concentrations (0 to 50 μM), under strictly controlled growth conditions”
e2“Oxidative stress markers, H2O2, malondialdehyde, proline and total soluble sugars were elevated in both leaves and roots. Ascorbate and phenol contents increased in leaves, but, decreased in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate and phenol contents increased in leaves of hyacinth bean under cadmium.
- Taxon
- Lablab purpureusLablab purpureuse0
- Organ / stage
- leavese2
- Outcome
- Ascorbate and phenol contentse2
- Direction
- increasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium (Cd)-induced stress in hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) was investigated by growing seedlings in a nutrient solution containing increasing cadmium concentrations (0 to 50 μM), under strictly controlled growth conditions”
e2“Oxidative stress markers, H2O2, malondialdehyde, proline and total soluble sugars were elevated in both leaves and roots. Ascorbate and phenol contents increased in leaves, but, decreased in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate and phenol contents decreased in roots of hyacinth bean under cadmium.
- Taxon
- Lablab purpureusLablab purpureuse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse2
- Outcome
- Ascorbate and phenol contentse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium (Cd)-induced stress in hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) was investigated by growing seedlings in a nutrient solution containing increasing cadmium concentrations (0 to 50 μM), under strictly controlled growth conditions”
e2“Oxidative stress markers, H2O2, malondialdehyde, proline and total soluble sugars were elevated in both leaves and roots. Ascorbate and phenol contents increased in leaves, but, decreased in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced glutathione levels declined in both tissues of hyacinth bean under cadmium.
- Taxon
- Lablab purpureusLablab purpureuse0
- Organ / stage
- both tissuese3
- Outcome
- Reduced glutathione levelse3
- Direction
- declinede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium (Cd)-induced stress in hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) was investigated by growing seedlings in a nutrient solution containing increasing cadmium concentrations (0 to 50 μM), under strictly controlled growth conditions”
e3“Reduced glutathione levels declined in both tissues. Cd stress enhanced antioxidant enzymes, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in concentration and time dependent manner in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress enhanced guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase in leaves in a concentration and time dependent manner.
- Taxon
- Lablab purpureusLablab purpureuse0
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- Cd stresse3
- Outcome
- guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidasee3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Qualifier
- in concentration and time dependent mannere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium (Cd)-induced stress in hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) was investigated by growing seedlings in a nutrient solution containing increasing cadmium concentrations (0 to 50 μM), under strictly controlled growth conditions”
e3“Reduced glutathione levels declined in both tissues. Cd stress enhanced antioxidant enzymes, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in concentration and time dependent manner in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress enhanced polyphenol oxidase in leaves in a concentration and time dependent manner.
- Taxon
- Lablab purpureusLablab purpureuse0
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- Cd stresse3
- Outcome
- polyphenol oxidasee3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Qualifier
- in concentration and time dependent mannere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium (Cd)-induced stress in hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) was investigated by growing seedlings in a nutrient solution containing increasing cadmium concentrations (0 to 50 μM), under strictly controlled growth conditions”
e3“Reduced glutathione levels declined in both tissues. Cd stress enhanced antioxidant enzymes, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in concentration and time dependent manner in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzymes in roots showed an inverse relationship with cadmium concentration and time of exposure.
- Taxon
- Lablab purpureusLablab purpureuse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse4
- Treatment
- concentration and time of exposuree4
- Outcome
- Antioxidant enzymese4
- Direction
- inverse relationshipe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium (Cd)-induced stress in hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) was investigated by growing seedlings in a nutrient solution containing increasing cadmium concentrations (0 to 50 μM), under strictly controlled growth conditions”
e4“Antioxidant enzymes in roots showed inverse relationship with concentration and time of exposure. Catalase activity was found to decrease in both leaves and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Catalase activity decreased in both leaves and roots of hyacinth bean under cadmium.
- Taxon
- Lablab purpureusLablab purpureuse0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse4
- Outcome
- Catalase activitye4
- Direction
- decreasee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium (Cd)-induced stress in hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) was investigated by growing seedlings in a nutrient solution containing increasing cadmium concentrations (0 to 50 μM), under strictly controlled growth conditions”
e4“Antioxidant enzymes in roots showed inverse relationship with concentration and time of exposure. Catalase activity was found to decrease in both leaves and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Beta-amylase and acid phosphatase activity increased in both leaves and roots of hyacinth bean under cadmium.
- Taxon
- Lablab purpureusLablab purpureuse0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse5
- Outcome
- β-amylase and acid phosphatase activitye5
- Direction
- increasede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium (Cd)-induced stress in hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) was investigated by growing seedlings in a nutrient solution containing increasing cadmium concentrations (0 to 50 μM), under strictly controlled growth conditions”
e5“Metabolic enzymes β-amylase and acid phosphatase activity increased in both leaves and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
The primary antioxidative response of hyacinth bean to cadmium appears to originate from the leaves.
- Taxon
- Lablab purpureusLablab purpureuse0
- Organ / stage
- leavese6
- Outcome
- primary antioxidative responsee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium (Cd)-induced stress in hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) was investigated by growing seedlings in a nutrient solution containing increasing cadmium concentrations (0 to 50 μM), under strictly controlled growth conditions”
e6“The results suggest that primary antioxidative response originates from leaves of Hyacinth bean even though roots are involved in direct uptake of heavy metals. The root tends to accumulate Cd and thus excludes its uptake by leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots accumulate cadmium and thereby exclude its uptake by leaves in hyacinth bean.
- Taxon
- Lablab purpureusLablab purpureuse0
- Organ / stage
- roote6
- Compound
- Cde6
- Outcome
- uptake by leavese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium (Cd)-induced stress in hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) was investigated by growing seedlings in a nutrient solution containing increasing cadmium concentrations (0 to 50 μM), under strictly controlled growth conditions”
e6“The results suggest that primary antioxidative response originates from leaves of Hyacinth bean even though roots are involved in direct uptake of heavy metals. The root tends to accumulate Cd and thus excludes its uptake by leaves”