Abstract
Parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae develop haustoria in response to contact with host roots or chemical haustoria-inducing factors. Experiments in this manuscript test the hypothesis that quinolic-inducing factors activate haustorium development via a signal mechanism initiated by redox cycling between quinone and hydroquinone states. Two cDNAs were previously isolated from roots of the parasitic plant Triphysaria versicolor that encode distinct quinone oxidoreductases. QR1 encodes a single-electron reducing NADPH quinone oxidoreductase similar to zeta-crystallin. The QR2 enzyme catalyzes two electron reductions typical of xenobiotic detoxification. QR1 and QR2 transcripts are upregulated in a primary response to chemical-inducing factors, but only QR1 was upregulated in response to host roots. RNA interference technology was used to reduce QR1 and QR2 transcripts in Triphysaria roots that were evaluated for their ability to form haustoria. There was a significant decrease in haustorium development in roots silenced for QR1 but not in roots silenced for QR2. The infrequent QR1 transgenic roots that did develop haustoria had levels of QR1 similar to those of nontransgenic roots. These experiments implicate QR1 as one of the earliest genes on the haustorium signal transduction pathway, encoding a quinone oxidoreductase necessary for the redox bioactivation of haustorial inducing factors.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing QR1 significantly decreased haustorium development in Triphysaria roots, unlike silencing QR2
- Taxon
- Triphysaria versicolor
Triphysaria versicolore0 - Treatment
- roots silenced for QR1e3
- Gene
- QR1e3
- Outcome
- haustorium developmente3
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Comparator
- roots silenced for QR2e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots of the parasitic plant Triphysaria versicolor”
e3“There was a significant decrease in haustorium development in roots silenced for QR1 but not in roots silenced for QR2”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing QR2 did not significantly decrease haustorium development
- Taxon
- Triphysaria versicolorTriphysaria versicolore0
- Treatment
- roots silenced for QR2e3
- Gene
- QR2e3
- Outcome
- haustorium developmente3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots of the parasitic plant Triphysaria versicolor”
e3“There was a significant decrease in haustorium development in roots silenced for QR1 but not in roots silenced for QR2”
Claim · model-written summary
Among QR1 and QR2, only QR1 was upregulated in Triphysaria roots by host roots
- Taxon
- Triphysaria versicolorTriphysaria versicolore0
- Treatment
- host rootse2
- Gene
- QR1e2
- Outcome
- QR1e2
- Direction
- upregulatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots of the parasitic plant Triphysaria versicolor”
e2“but only QR1 was upregulated in response to host roots”
Claim · model-written summary
QR1 and QR2 transcripts were upregulated in a primary response to chemical-inducing factors
- Taxon
- Triphysaria versicolorTriphysaria versicolore0
- Treatment
- chemical-inducing factorse1
- Gene
- QR1 and QR2e1
- Outcome
- transcriptse1
- Direction
- upregulatede1
- Qualifier
- in a primary responsee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots of the parasitic plant Triphysaria versicolor”
e1“QR1 and QR2 transcripts are upregulated in a primary response to chemical-inducing factors”
Claim · model-written summary
QR1 levels in transgenic roots that developed haustoria were similar to those of nontransgenic roots
- Taxon
- Triphysaria versicolorTriphysaria versicolore0
- Treatment
- QR1 transgenic rootse4
- Gene
- QR1e4
- Outcome
- levels of QR1e4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Comparator
- nontransgenic rootse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots of the parasitic plant Triphysaria versicolor”
e4“The infrequent QR1 transgenic roots that did develop haustoria had levels of QR1 similar to those of nontransgenic roots”
Claim · model-written summary
QR1 is among the earliest genes on the haustorium signal transduction pathway
- Taxon
- Triphysaria versicolorTriphysaria versicolore0
- Gene
- QR1e5
- Outcome
- haustorium signal transduction pathwaye5
- Qualifier
- encoding a quinone oxidoreductase necessary for the redox bioactivation of haustorial inducing factorse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots of the parasitic plant Triphysaria versicolor”
e5“These experiments implicate QR1 as one of the earliest genes on the haustorium signal transduction pathway, encoding a quinone oxidoreductase necessary for the redox bioactivation of haustorial inducing factors”