Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Leaf hydraulic properties are strongly linked with transpiration and photosynthesis in many species. However, it is not known if gas exchange and hydraulics will have co-ordinated responses to climate change. The objective of this study was to investigate the responses of leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) in Glycine max (soybean) to growth at elevated [CO2] and increased temperature compared with the responses of leaf gas exchange and leaf water status. METHODS: Two controlled-environment growth chamber experiments were conducted with soybean to measure Kleaf, stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthesis (A) during growth at elevated [CO2] and temperature relative to ambient levels. These results were validated with field experiments on soybean grown under free-air elevated [CO2] (FACE) and canopy warming. KEY RESULTS: In chamber studies, Kleaf did not acclimate to growth at elevated [CO2], even though stomatal conductance decreased and photosynthesis increased. Growth at elevated temperature also did not affect Kleaf, although gs and A showed significant but inconsistent decreases. The lack of response of Kleaf to growth at increased [CO2] and temperature in chamber-grown plants was confirmed with field-grown soybean at a FACE facility. CONCLUSIONS: Leaf hydraulic and leaf gas exchange responses to these two climate change factors were not strongly linked in soybean, although gs responded to [CO2] and increased temperature as previously reported. This differential behaviour could lead to an imbalance between hydraulic supply and transpiration demand under extreme environmental conditions likely to become more common as global climate continues to change.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean leaf hydraulic conductance does not acclimate to growth at elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- Glycine max
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e1
- Outcome
- Kleafe1
- Direction
- did not acclimatee1
- Comparator
- ambient levelse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigate the responses of leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) in Glycine max (soybean)”
e1“In chamber studies, Kleaf did not acclimate to growth at elevated [CO2], even though stomatal conductance decreased and photosynthesis increased”
e2“at elevated [CO2] and temperature relative to ambient levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal conductance decreases under elevated CO2 in soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e1
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- ambient levelse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigate the responses of leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) in Glycine max (soybean)”
e1“In chamber studies, Kleaf did not acclimate to growth at elevated [CO2], even though stomatal conductance decreased and photosynthesis increased”
e2“at elevated [CO2] and temperature relative to ambient levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthesis increases under elevated CO2 in soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e1
- Outcome
- photosynthesise1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- ambient levelse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigate the responses of leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) in Glycine max (soybean)”
e1“In chamber studies, Kleaf did not acclimate to growth at elevated [CO2], even though stomatal conductance decreased and photosynthesis increased”
e2“at elevated [CO2] and temperature relative to ambient levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean leaf hydraulic conductance is not affected by elevated temperature.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- elevated temperaturee3
- Outcome
- Kleafe3
- Direction
- did not affecte3
- Comparator
- ambient levelse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigate the responses of leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) in Glycine max (soybean)”
e2“at elevated [CO2] and temperature relative to ambient levels”
e3“Growth at elevated temperature also did not affect Kleaf, although gs and A showed significant but inconsistent decreases”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis decrease with elevated temperature in soybean, inconsistently.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- elevated temperaturee3
- Outcome
- gs and Ae3
- Direction
- decreasese3
- Qualifier
- inconsistente3
- Comparator
- ambient levelse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigate the responses of leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) in Glycine max (soybean)”
e2“at elevated [CO2] and temperature relative to ambient levels”
e3“Growth at elevated temperature also did not affect Kleaf, although gs and A showed significant but inconsistent decreases”
Claim · model-written summary
The lack of Kleaf response to increased CO2 and temperature is confirmed in field-grown soybean at a FACE facility.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- increased [CO2] and temperaturee4
- Outcome
- Kleafe4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Setting
- FACE facilitye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigate the responses of leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) in Glycine max (soybean)”
e4“The lack of response of Kleaf to growth at increased [CO2] and temperature in chamber-grown plants was confirmed with field-grown soybean at a FACE facility”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf hydraulic and leaf gas exchange responses to elevated CO2 and temperature are not strongly linked in soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- these two climate change factorse5
- Outcome
- Leaf hydraulic and leaf gas exchange responsese5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigate the responses of leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) in Glycine max (soybean)”
e5“Leaf hydraulic and leaf gas exchange responses to these two climate change factors were not strongly linked in soybean”