Abstract
BACKGROUND: Consumers expect organic produce to have higher environmental, health and sensory related qualities than conventional produce. In order to test sensory differences between bio-dynamically, bio-organically and conventionally grown winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Runal), we performed double-blinded triangle tests with two panels on dry wholemeal flour from the harvest years 2006, 2007 and 2009 and from two field replicates of the 'DOK' long-term farming system comparison field trial near Basel, Switzerland. Yield and quality parameters were also assessed. RESULTS: Significant farming system effects were found for yield (up to 42% reduction in the organic system), thousand kernel weight, hectolitre weight and crude protein content across the three years. In the triangle tests one out of 12 pair-wise farming system comparisons (PFSCs) on wholemeal flour made from the different wheat samples showed significant sensory differentiation (between bio-dynamically and conventionally grown wheat). When all data from the three harvest years and two panels were aggregated, a statistically significant effect (P = 0.045) of PFSCs on the number of correct answers became evident. CONCLUSIONS: Although testing of dry wholemeal flour was very challenging for panellists, we were able to show that sensory differences between farming systems can occur.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Organic farming reduced winter wheat yield by up to 42%.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- organic systeme0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 42%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant farming system effects were found for yield (up to 42% reduction in the organic system)”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Farming system significantly affected thousand kernel weight, hectolitre weight and crude protein content.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- farming systeme0
- Outcome
- thousand kernel weight, hectolitre weight and crude protein contente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant farming system effects were found for yield (up to 42% reduction in the organic system), thousand kernel weight, hectolitre weight and crude protein content across the three years”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
One of twelve flour comparisons distinguished biodynamic from conventional wheat by sensory testing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- sensory differentiatione0
- Value
- one out of 12e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one out of 12 pair-wise farming system comparisons (PFSCs) on wholemeal flour made from the different wheat samples showed significant sensory differentiation (between bio-dynamically and conventionally grown wheat)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aggregated tests found a significant effect of farming system comparisons on correct sensory answers.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- number of correct answerse0
- Value
- P = 0.045e0
- Comparator
- PFSCse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a statistically significant effect (P = 0.045) of PFSCs on the number of correct answers became evident”
t0“winter wheat”
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cultivation system · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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