Abstract
Abstract On the low‐P soils in southeastern Australia, organic crops differ from conventional ones primarily in the use of relatively insoluble, as opposed to soluble, P fertilisers and in the non‐use of herbicides. As organic management, particularly elimination of soluble fertilisers, is often claimed to enhance grain mineral concentrations, we examined grain from wheat on paired organic and conventional farms in two sets of experiments: (1) four pairs of commercial crops (1991–1993); and (2) fertiliser experiments on one farm pair where nil fertiliser was compared with 40 kg ha −1 of P as either relatively insoluble reactive phosphate rock or more soluble superphosphate (1991 and 1992). All wheat was grown following a 2–6 year legume‐based pasture phase. Both conventional management and the superphosphate treatment greatly increased yields but reduced colonisation by mycorrhizal fungi. While only minor variations occurred in grain N, K, Mg, Ca, S and Fe concentrations, conventional grain had lower Zn and Cu but higher Mn and P than organic grain. These differences were ascribed to: soluble P fertilisers increasing P uptake but reducing mycorrhizal colonisation and thereby reducing Zn uptake and enhancing Mn uptake; dilution of Cu in heavier crops; and past lime applications on the organic farm decreasing Mn availability. These variations in grain minerals had nutritional implications primarily favouring the organic grain; however, organic management and, specifically, elimination of soluble fertilisers did not induce dramatic increases in grain mineral concentrations. In addition, organic management was coupled with yield reductions of 17–84 per cent due to P limitation and weeds. The impact of large regional variations in the characteristics of organic and conventional systems on the general applicability of the results from this study and other similar studies is discussed. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional management greatly increased wheat yields.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- conventional managemente0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both conventional management and the superphosphate treatment greatly increased yields but reduced colonisation by mycorrhizal fungi.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Superphosphate greatly increased wheat yields.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- superphosphate treatmente0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both conventional management and the superphosphate treatment greatly increased yields but reduced colonisation by mycorrhizal fungi.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional management reduced mycorrhizal colonisation of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- conventional managemente0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- colonisation by mycorrhizal fungie0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both conventional management and the superphosphate treatment greatly increased yields but reduced colonisation by mycorrhizal fungi.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Superphosphate reduced mycorrhizal colonisation of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- superphosphate treatmente0
- Interactor
- mycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- colonisation by mycorrhizal fungie0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both conventional management and the superphosphate treatment greatly increased yields but reduced colonisation by mycorrhizal fungi.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain N, K and Mg concentrations showed only minor variations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- grain N, K, Mge0
- Qualifier
- only minor variationse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While only minor variations occurred in grain N, K, Mg, Ca, S and Fe concentrations”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain Ca, S and Fe concentrations showed only minor variations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Ca, S and Fe concentrationse0
- Qualifier
- only minor variationse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“While only minor variations occurred in grain N, K, Mg, Ca, S and Fe concentrations”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional wheat grain had lower Zn and Cu than organic grain.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- conventionale0
- Outcome
- Zn and Cue0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- organic graine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conventional grain had lower Zn and Cu but higher Mn and P than organic grain.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional wheat grain had higher Mn and P than organic grain.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- conventionale0
- Outcome
- Mn and Pe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- organic graine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conventional grain had lower Zn and Cu but higher Mn and P than organic grain.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble P fertilisers were interpreted to increase P uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soluble P fertiliserse0
- Outcome
- P uptakee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These differences were ascribed to: soluble P fertilisers increasing P uptake but reducing mycorrhizal colonisation and thereby reducing Zn uptake and enhancing Mn uptake”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced mycorrhizal colonisation under soluble P fertilisers was interpreted to reduce Zn uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soluble P fertiliserse0
- Outcome
- Zn uptakee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Qualifier
- reducing mycorrhizal colonisatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soluble P fertilisers increasing P uptake but reducing mycorrhizal colonisation and thereby reducing Zn uptake and enhancing Mn uptake”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced mycorrhizal colonisation under soluble P fertilisers was interpreted to enhance Mn uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soluble P fertiliserse0
- Outcome
- Mn uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Qualifier
- reducing mycorrhizal colonisatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soluble P fertilisers increasing P uptake but reducing mycorrhizal colonisation and thereby reducing Zn uptake and enhancing Mn uptake”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower Cu was attributed to dilution in heavier crops.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- dilution of Cue0
- Qualifier
- heavier cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dilution of Cu in heavier crops”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Past lime applications on the organic farm were interpreted to decrease Mn availability.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“past lime applications on the organic farm decreasing Mn availability”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain mineral variations had nutritional implications primarily favouring organic wheat grain.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- nutritional implications primarily favouring the organic graine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These variations in grain minerals had nutritional implications primarily favouring the organic grain”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic management did not induce dramatic grain mineral concentration increases.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- organic managemente0
- Outcome
- grain mineral concentrationse0
- Direction
- did not induce dramatic increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic management and, specifically, elimination of soluble fertilisers did not induce dramatic increases in grain mineral concentrations.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Eliminating soluble fertilisers did not induce dramatic grain mineral concentration increases.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- elimination of soluble fertiliserse0
- Outcome
- grain mineral concentrationse0
- Direction
- did not induce dramatic increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic management and, specifically, elimination of soluble fertilisers did not induce dramatic increases in grain mineral concentrations.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic management was associated with yield reductions of 17–84 per cent due to P limitation and weeds.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- organic managemente0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 17–84 per cente0
- Qualifier
- due to P limitation and weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic management was coupled with yield reductions of 17–84 per cent due to P limitation and weeds.”
t0“wheat”
The same questions in other papers
cultivation system · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
70 papers in the same direction as this paper · 44 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
112 papers more in this group
See all 116 papers →phosphorus · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
523 papers in the same direction as this paper · 43 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
568 papers more in this group
See all 572 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.