Abstract
BACKGROUND: Wheat is one of the main grain crops in the world, and the tiller number is a key factor affecting the yield of wheat. Phosphorus is an essential element for tiller development in wheat. However, due to decreasing phosphorus content in soil, there has been increasing use of phosphorus fertilizer, while imposing risk of soil and water pollution. Hence, it is important to identify low phosphorus tolerance genes and utilize them for stress resistance breeding in wheat. RESULTS: We subjected the wheat variety Kenong 199 (KN199) to low phosphorus stress and observed a reduced tiller number. Using transcriptome analysis, we identified 1651 upregulated genes and 827 downregulated of genes after low phosphorus stress. The differentially expressed genes were found to be enriched in the enzyme activity regulation related to phosphorus, hormone signal transduction, and ion transmembrane transport. Furthermore, the transcription factor analysis revealed that TaWRKY74s were important for low phosphorus tolerance. TaWRKY74s have three alleles: TaWRKY74-A, TaWRKY74-B, and TaWRKY74-D, and they all belong to the WRKY family with conserved WRKYGQK motifs. These proteins were found to be located in the nucleus, and they were expressed in axillary meristem, shoot apical meristem(SAM), young leaves, leaf primordium, and spikelet primordium. The evolutionary tree showed that TaWRKY74s were closely related to OsWRKY74s in rice. Moreover, TaWRKY74s-RNAi transgenic plants displayed significantly fewer tillers compared to wild-type plants under normal conditions. Additionally, the tiller numebr of the RNAi transgenic plants was also significantly lower than that of the wild-type plants under low-phosphorus stress, and increased the decrease amplitude. This suggestd that TaWRKY74s are related to phosphorus response and can affect the tiller number of wheat. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this research showed that TaWRKY74s were key genes in wheat response to low phosphorus stress, which might regulate wheat tiller number through abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin signal transduction pathways. This research lays the foundation for further investigating the mechanism of TaWRKY74s in the low phosphorus environments and is significant for wheat stress resistance breeding.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus stress reduced tiller number in Kenong 199 wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- Kenong 199 (KN199)e0
- Treatment
- low phosphorus stresse0
- Outcome
- tiller numbere0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We subjected the wheat variety Kenong 199 (KN199) to low phosphorus stress and observed a reduced tiller number.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus stress upregulated 1651 genes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- low phosphorus stresse0
- Outcome
- upregulated genese0
- Value
- 1651e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we identified 1651 upregulated genes and 827 downregulated of genes after low phosphorus stress.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus stress downregulated 827 genes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- low phosphorus stresse0
- Outcome
- downregulated of genese0
- Value
- 827e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we identified 1651 upregulated genes and 827 downregulated of genes after low phosphorus stress.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Differentially expressed genes were enriched for phosphorus enzyme regulation, hormone signaling and ion transport.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- enzyme activity regulation related to phosphorus, hormone signal transduction, and ion transmembrane transporte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The differentially expressed genes were found to be enriched in the enzyme activity regulation related to phosphorus, hormone signal transduction, and ion transmembrane transport.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaWRKY74s were identified as important for low phosphorus tolerance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- TaWRKY74se0
- Outcome
- low phosphorus tolerancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the transcription factor analysis revealed that TaWRKY74s were important for low phosphorus tolerance.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaWRKY74s have three named alleles with conserved WRKYGQK motifs.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- TaWRKY74se0
- Outcome
- WRKY family with conserved WRKYGQK motifse0
- Value
- three allelese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaWRKY74s have three alleles: TaWRKY74-A, TaWRKY74-B, and TaWRKY74-D, and they all belong to the WRKY family with conserved WRKYGQK motifs.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaWRKY74 proteins were located in the nucleus.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- nucleuse0
- Outcome
- located in the nucleuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These proteins were found to be located in the nucleus, and they were expressed in axillary meristem, shoot apical meristem(SAM), young leaves, leaf primordium, and spikelet primordium.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaWRKY74 proteins were expressed in five reported wheat tissues.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- expressed in axillary meristem, shoot apical meristem(SAM), young leaves, leaf primordium, and spikelet primordiume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they were expressed in axillary meristem, shoot apical meristem(SAM), young leaves, leaf primordium, and spikelet primordium.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaWRKY74s were closely related to rice OsWRKY74s.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- TaWRKY74se0
- Outcome
- closely related to OsWRKY74s in ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The evolutionary tree showed that TaWRKY74s were closely related to OsWRKY74s in rice.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaWRKY74s-RNAi plants had significantly fewer tillers than wild type under normal conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- TaWRKY74s-RNAi transgenic plantse0
- Treatment
- TaWRKY74s-RNAie0
- Gene
- TaWRKY74se0
- Outcome
- tillerse0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Qualifier
- normal conditionse0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaWRKY74s-RNAi transgenic plants displayed significantly fewer tillers compared to wild-type plants under normal conditions.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaWRKY74s-RNAi plants had significantly fewer tillers than wild type under low-phosphorus stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- RNAi transgenic plantse0
- Treatment
- low-phosphorus stresse0
- Outcome
- tiller numebre0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- increased the decrease amplitudee0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the tiller numebr of the RNAi transgenic plants was also significantly lower than that of the wild-type plants under low-phosphorus stress, and increased the decrease amplitude.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose TaWRKY74s may regulate tiller number through ABA and auxin signaling.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Gene
- TaWRKY74se0
- Compound
- abscisic acid (ABA) and auxine0
- Outcome
- wheat tiller numbere0
- Qualifier
- might regulatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaWRKY74s were key genes in wheat response to low phosphorus stress, which might regulate wheat tiller number through abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin signal transduction pathways.”
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