Abstract
Summary Effects of seven levels of N application and three seeds mixtures were studied on two sites for 4 years. One seeds mixture comprised perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) and two comprised perennial ryegrass with white olover ( Trifolium repens L.). One site (Trefloyne) was 24 m above sea level on deep soil and the other (Pwllpeiran) was 328 m above sea level on relatively shallow soil. The plots were cut seven times per year. The application of N to swards without clover considerably increased the number of ryegrass tillers as well as increasing ryegrass leaf blade length and width and sheath length. At Trefloyne the presence of clover greatly reduced the number of ryegrass tillers, had a greater positive effect on grass sheath length, relative to its effect on blade length and width, than that obtained by applying fertilizer N to a sward without clover, and tended to reduce grass leaf length during the winter. At Pwllpeiran the clover was less competitive, but it still tended to have a greater effect on sheath length and a less positive effect on numbers of tillers, relative to its effect on blade length and width, than that obtained by applying fertilizer N to a sward without clover. The application of N to grassolover swards increased the size of grass leaves and the number of tillers, but did not increase clover leaflet size. The number of olover leaves in the sward was greatly reduced by fertilizer N at Pwllpeiran, but was not affected by fertilizer N at Trefloyne. Blanca white clover had larger leaves than Aberystwyth S.100, but S.100 appeared to compensate for this by producing rather more leaves. In respect of number of leaves, leaf dimensions and rate of leaf emergence, clover appeared more sensitive than ryegrass to the differences between the sites. The leaf dimensions of the clover varied more from one time of year to another, but not from one year to another, than those of the ryegrass. The number of leaves per unit area of ground varied more in clover than in grass from year to year and from one time of year to another. The rate of emergence of leaves was faster in clover (per marked stolon tip) than in grass (per tiller).
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased ryegrass tiller number and leaf dimensions in clover-free swards.
- Treatment
- application of Ne0
- Outcome
- number of ryegrass tillers as well as increasing ryegrass leaf blade length and width and sheath lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- swards without clovere0
LoliumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of N to swards without clover considerably increased the number of ryegrass tillers as well as increasing ryegrass leaf blade length and width and sheath length”
Claim · model-written summary
At Trefloyne clover reduced ryegrass tiller number.
- Treatment
- presence of clovere0
- Outcome
- number of ryegrass tillerse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- Trefloynee0
TrifoliumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Trefloyne the presence of clover greatly reduced the number of ryegrass tillers”
Claim · model-written summary
At Trefloyne clover favored sheath length relative to blade dimensions more than nitrogen did.
- Taxon
- grasse0
- Treatment
- presence of clovere1
- Outcome
- grass sheath lengthe0
- Direction
- greater positive effecte0
- Comparator
- applying fertilizer N to a sward without clovere0
- Setting
- Trefloynee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“had a greater positive effect on grass sheath length, relative to its effect on blade length and width, than that obtained by applying fertilizer N to a sward without clover”
e1“At Trefloyne the presence of clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Clover tended to shorten grass leaves in winter at Trefloyne.
- Taxon
- grasse0
- Treatment
- presence of clovere0
- Outcome
- grass leaf lengthe0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Qualifier
- during the wintere0
- Setting
- Trefloynee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Trefloyne the presence of clover greatly reduced the number of ryegrass tillers, had a greater positive effect on grass sheath length, relative to its effect on blade length and width, than that obtained by applying fertilizer N to a sward without clover, and tended to reduce grass leaf length during the winter”
Claim · model-written summary
At Pwllpeiran clover was less competitive than at Trefloyne.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Pwllpeiran the clover was less competitive”
e1“At Trefloyne the presence of clover”
Claim · model-written summary
At Pwllpeiran clover favored grass sheath length more and tillers less than nitrogen relative to blade dimensions.
- Taxon
- grasst0
- Outcome
- sheath length and a less positive effect on numbers of tillerse0
- Comparator
- applying fertilizer N to a sward without clovere0
- Setting
- Pwllpeirane0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Pwllpeiran the clover was less competitive, but it still tended to have a greater effect on sheath length and a less positive effect on numbers of tillers, relative to its effect on blade length and width, than that obtained by applying fertilizer N to a sward without clover”
t0“grass leaf dimensions”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased grass leaf size and tillers in grass-clover swards.
- Taxon
- grasse0
- Treatment
- application of Ne0
- Outcome
- size of grass leaves and the number of tillerse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The application of N to grassolover swards increased the size of grass leaves and the number of tillers”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen did not increase clover leaflet size.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of N to grassolover swards increased the size of grass leaves and the number of tillers, but did not increase clover leaflet size”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen greatly reduced clover leaf number at Pwllpeiran.
- Taxon
- olovere0
- Treatment
- fertilizer Ne0
- Outcome
- number of olover leavese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- Pwllpeirane0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The number of olover leaves in the sward was greatly reduced by fertilizer N at Pwllpeiran”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen did not affect clover leaf number at Trefloyne.
- Taxon
- olovere0
- Treatment
- fertilizer Ne0
- Outcome
- number of olover leavese0
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Setting
- Trefloynee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The number of olover leaves in the sward was greatly reduced by fertilizer N at Pwllpeiran, but was not affected by fertilizer N at Trefloyne”
Claim · model-written summary
Blanca had larger leaves than Aberystwyth S.100.
- Taxon
- white clover
Trifolium repense0 - Material
- Blancae0
- Outcome
- larger leavese0
- Comparator
- Aberystwyth S.100e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Blanca white clover had larger leaves than Aberystwyth S.100”
Claim · model-written summary
S.100 appeared to produce more leaves than Blanca.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Material
- S.100e0
- Outcome
- more leavese0
- Comparator
- Blancae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S.100 appeared to compensate for this by producing rather more leaves”
e1“Blanca white clover had larger leaves than Aberystwyth S.100”
Claim · model-written summary
Clover leaf number, dimensions and emergence rate appeared more site sensitive than ryegrass.
- Outcome
- number of leaves, leaf dimensions and rate of leaf emergencee0
- Direction
- more sensitivee0
- Comparator
- ryegrasse0
- Setting
- sitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In respect of number of leaves, leaf dimensions and rate of leaf emergence, clover appeared more sensitive than ryegrass to the differences between the sites”
Claim · model-written summary
Clover leaf dimensions varied more seasonally but not annually than ryegrass leaf dimensions.
- Outcome
- leaf dimensionse0
- Direction
- varied moree0
- Qualifier
- one time of year to anothere0
- Comparator
- ryegrasse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf dimensions of the clover varied more from one time of year to another, but not from one year to another, than those of the ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Clover leaf number per ground area varied more over years and seasons than grass.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of leaves per unit area of ground varied more in clover than in grass from year to year and from one time of year to another”
Claim · model-written summary
Clover leaves emerged faster per stolon tip than grass leaves per tiller.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rate of emergence of leaves was faster in clover (per marked stolon tip) than in grass (per tiller)”
The same questions in other papers
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- no effect
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See all 54 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.