Abstract
Populations of the causal agent of wheat tan spot, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, that are collected from fields frequently treated with reduced fungicide concentrations have reduced sensitivity to strobilurin fungicides and azole fungicides (C14-demethylase inhibitors). Energy-dependent efflux transporter activity can be induced under field conditions and after in vitro application of sublethal amounts of fungicides. Efflux transporters can mediate cross-resistance to a number of fungicides that belong to different chemical classes and have different modes of action. Resistant isolates can grow on substrata amended with fungicides and can infect plants treated with fungicides at levels above recommended field concentrations. We identified the hydroxyflavone derivative 2-(4-ethoxy-phenyl)-chromen-4-one as a potent inhibitor of energy-dependent fungicide efflux transporters in P. tritici-repentis. Application of this compound in combination with fungicides shifted fungicide-resistant P. tritici-repentis isolates back to normal sensitivity levels and prevented infection of wheat leaves. These results highlight the role of energy-dependent efflux transporters in fungicide resistance and could enable a novel disease management strategy based on the inhibition of fungicide efflux to be developed.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Field isolates of the wheat tan spot pathogen had reduced sensitivity to strobilurin and azole fungicides.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Interactor
- Pyrenophora tritici-repentis
Pyrenophora tritici-repentise0pathogen - Outcome
- reduced sensitivity to strobilurin fungicides and azole fungicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populations of the causal agent of wheat tan spot, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, that are collected from fields frequently treated with reduced fungicide concentrations have reduced sensitivity to strobilurin fungicides and azole fungicides”
e1“wheat tan spot”
Claim · model-written summary
Efflux transporter activity was inducible under field conditions and sublethal fungicide application.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- sublethal amounts of fungicidese0
- Interactor
- Pyrenophora tritici-repentisPyrenophora tritici-repentise1pathogen
- Outcome
- Energy-dependent efflux transporter activitye0
- Direction
- inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Energy-dependent efflux transporter activity can be induced under field conditions and after in vitro application of sublethal amounts of fungicides”
e1“wheat tan spot, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis”
Claim · model-written summary
Efflux transporters mediated cross-resistance across fungicide classes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- Pyrenophora tritici-repentisPyrenophora tritici-repentise1pathogen
- Gene
- Efflux transporterse0
- Outcome
- cross-resistance to a number of fungicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Efflux transporters can mediate cross-resistance to a number of fungicides that belong to different chemical classes and have different modes of action”
e1“wheat tan spot, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant isolates grew on fungicide-amended substrata.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- Pyrenophora tritici-repentisPyrenophora tritici-repentise1pathogen
- Outcome
- Resistant isolates can grow on substrata amended with fungicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Resistant isolates can grow on substrata amended with fungicides”
e1“wheat tan spot, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant isolates infected plants despite above-recommended fungicide treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- fungicides at levels above recommended field concentrationse0
- Interactor
- Pyrenophora tritici-repentisPyrenophora tritici-repentise1pathogen
- Outcome
- infect plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“can infect plants treated with fungicides at levels above recommended field concentrations”
e1“wheat tan spot, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis”
Claim · model-written summary
2-(4-ethoxy-phenyl)-chromen-4-one inhibited energy-dependent fungicide efflux transporters.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- P. tritici-repentisPyrenophora tritici-repentise0pathogen
- Compound
- 2-(4-ethoxy-phenyl)-chromen-4-onee0
- Outcome
- energy-dependent fungicide efflux transporterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2-(4-ethoxy-phenyl)-chromen-4-one as a potent inhibitor of energy-dependent fungicide efflux transporters in P. tritici-repentis”
e1“wheat tan spot”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining the inhibitor with fungicides restored resistant isolates to normal sensitivity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- this compound in combination with fungicidese0
- Interactor
- P. tritici-repentisPyrenophora tritici-repentise0pathogen
- Outcome
- fungicide-resistant P. tritici-repentis isolatese0
- Direction
- back to normale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of this compound in combination with fungicides shifted fungicide-resistant P. tritici-repentis isolates back to normal sensitivity levels”
e1“wheat tan spot”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining the inhibitor with fungicides prevented wheat leaf infection.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- this compound in combination with fungicidese0
- Interactor
- P. tritici-repentisPyrenophora tritici-repentise0pathogen
- Outcome
- infection of wheat leavese0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of this compound in combination with fungicides shifted fungicide-resistant P. tritici-repentis isolates back to normal sensitivity levels and prevented infection of wheat leaves”
The same questions in other papers
fungicide · Pyrenophora tritici-repentis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.