Abstract
Abstract Dry matter accumulation by soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has been studied extensively, but few data are available on the relationship between shoot development and root distribution of no‐till full‐season and double‐crop soybean. Row spacing and K availability effects on shoot growth are also well understood, but have not been thoroughly integrated with measures of root growth. The objectives of this research were to characterize soybean root length density and distribution as well as shoot dry matter accumulation under no‐tillage soil management for: (i) full‐season and double‐crop planting dates, (ii) high and low soil K fertility levels, and (iii) narrow and conventional row spacings. Potassium fertility did not alter total shoot weight at R1, R5, or R7, but did alter shoot dry matter partitioning at R7. Later planting dates reduced shoot growth at R1, R5, and R7. Seed yield was increased by greater K availability, earlier planting and a narrower row width. Dry soil conditions during vegetative growth reduced root length density (RLD). As water became more available during reproduction, RLD increased. With adequate soil moisture, full‐season soybean RLD was greater than double‐crop soybean RLD. Surface soil RLD was greater when soil K fertility was low. Leaf abscission was delayed by K stress. In crop development periods when root growth was most active, the root length/shoot dry weight ratio was greater in double‐crop than in full‐season soybean. Double‐crop soybean produced relatively more root length in support of shoot growth than did full‐season soybean. Root growth was more affected by soil K availability and less affected by plant spacial arrangement and density than was shoot growth.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertility did not alter total shoot weight of soybean at R1, R5 or R7.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Potassium fertilitye1
- Outcome
- total shoot weighte1
- Direction
- did not altere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“Potassium fertility did not alter total shoot weight at R1, R5, or R7”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertility altered shoot dry matter partitioning of soybean at R7.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Potassium fertilitye1
- Outcome
- shoot dry matter partitioninge1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“Potassium fertility did not alter total shoot weight at R1, R5, or R7, but did alter shoot dry matter partitioning at R7”
Claim · model-written summary
Later planting dates reduced shoot growth of soybean at R1, R5 and R7.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Later planting datese1
- Outcome
- shoot growthe1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“Later planting dates reduced shoot growth at R1, R5, and R7”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater K availability increased soybean seed yield.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- greater K availabilitye1
- Outcome
- Seed yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“Seed yield was increased by greater K availability, earlier planting and a narrower row width”
Claim · model-written summary
Earlier planting increased soybean seed yield.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- earlier plantinge1
- Outcome
- Seed yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“Seed yield was increased by greater K availability, earlier planting and a narrower row width”
Claim · model-written summary
A narrower row width increased soybean seed yield.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- a narrower row widthe1
- Outcome
- Seed yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“Seed yield was increased by greater K availability, earlier planting and a narrower row width”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry soil conditions during vegetative growth reduced soybean root length density.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Dry soil conditions during vegetative growthe1
- Outcome
- root length densitye1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“Dry soil conditions during vegetative growth reduced root length density (RLD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean root length density increased as water became more available during reproduction.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- water became more available during reproductione1
- Outcome
- RLDe1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“As water became more available during reproduction, RLD increased”
Claim · model-written summary
With adequate soil moisture, full-season soybean root length density was greater than double-crop soybean root length density.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- full‐seasone1
- Outcome
- RLDe1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Qualifier
- With adequate soil moisturee1
- Comparator
- double‐crop soybeane1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“With adequate soil moisture, full‐season soybean RLD was greater than double‐crop soybean RLD”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface soil root length density of soybean was greater when soil K fertility was low.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- soil K fertility was lowe1
- Outcome
- Surface soil RLDe1
- Direction
- greatere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“Surface soil RLD was greater when soil K fertility was low”
Claim · model-written summary
K stress delayed leaf abscission in soybean.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- K stresse1
- Outcome
- Leaf abscissione1
- Direction
- delayede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“Leaf abscission was delayed by K stress”
Claim · model-written summary
During periods of most active root growth, the root length to shoot dry weight ratio was greater in double-crop than in full-season soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- double‐crope1
- Outcome
- root length/shoot dry weight ratioe1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- full‐seasone1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the root length/shoot dry weight ratio was greater in double‐crop than in full‐season soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean root growth was more affected by soil K availability and less affected by plant spatial arrangement and density than was shoot growth.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- soil K availabilitye1
- Outcome
- Root growthe1
- Comparator
- shoot growthe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e1“Root growth was more affected by soil K availability and less affected by plant spacial arrangement and density than was shoot growth”
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