Abstract
Moringa oleifera is an important multipurpose tropical tree under-recognized for its nutritional and medicinal properties. Leaves of M. oleifera collected from the sub-Saharan African countries of Ghana, Rwanda, Senegal and Zambia were analyzed for their nutritional value and bioactivity by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and HPLC coupled with UV and MS detectors. Moringa leaves were found to provide low amounts of vitamin C (0.351 ± 0.046 to 0.749 ± 0.014 mg/100g DW (DW)) as determined using UV spectrophotometry. Using LC/MS, We identified α- and γ- tocopherols, α- and β- carotenes, six analogues of chlorogenic acid including 4 caffeoylquinic acids and 2 coumaroylquinic acids (structural and/or spatial isomers), and chlorogenic acid was used as the standard to estimate the amount of these six phenolic acids. Chlorogenic acid was used as the standard to estimate the amount of these six cumulative isomers by LC/MS. Additionally, in Moringa leaves we detected one sample containing as many as 12 flavonoids including quercetin and kaempferol glycosides with malonyl, acetyl and succinoyl acylations, among which; quercetin and kaempferol glucosides and glucoside malonates are the major constituents based on analysis of their UV and MS data. Using LC/UV/MS, the quercetin and kaempferol aglycones of quercetin and kaempferol in acidic hydrolyzed extracts were successfully separated within 10 min and individually quantitated. A total of 25 samples were assayed for the chlorogenic acid isomers analogs (0.181 to 0.414 mg/100 g DW), tocopherols (7.1 to 116 mg/100 g DW), carotenoids (4.49 to 45.94 mg/100 g DW) and flavonoids (0.179 to 1.643 % g DW). The concentrations of these phytochemicals varied according to the environment, country of collection, genetics, and variety of Moringa oleifera. The nutritional and natural products characterization of Moringa conducted in this study show that the leaves of this plant can contribute significantly to the daily recommended allowance needed for many vitamins and mineral needs as well as serve as a rich source of polyphenols, confirming the importance and role that Moringa can play to improve the health and nutrition particularly in malnourished populations.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves contained low vitamin C at the reported range.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- low amountse0
- Value
- 0.351 ± 0.046 to 0.749 ± 0.014 mg/100g DW (DW)e0
MoringaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moringa leaves were found to provide low amounts of vitamin C (0.351 ± 0.046 to 0.749 ± 0.014 mg/100g DW (DW))”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves contained tocopherols and carotenes.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleifera
Moringa oleiferat0 - Outcome
- α- and γ- tocopherols, α- and β- carotenese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We identified α- and γ- tocopherols, α- and β- carotenes”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Six chlorogenic acid analogues were identified.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Outcome
- six analogues of chlorogenic acide0
- Value
- sixe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six analogues of chlorogenic acid including 4 caffeoylquinic acids and 2 coumaroylquinic acids”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
One leaf sample contained as many as 12 flavonoids.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Moringa leaves we detected one sample containing as many as 12 flavonoids including quercetin and kaempferol glycosides”
Claim · model-written summary
Quercetin and kaempferol glucosides and malonates were major constituents.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Outcome
- quercetin and kaempferol glucosides and glucoside malonatese0
- Direction
- major constituentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“quercetin and kaempferol glucosides and glucoside malonates are the major constituents”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Aglycones were separated within 10 minutes and quantified.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Outcome
- quercetin and kaempferol aglyconese0
- Value
- 10 mine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the quercetin and kaempferol aglycones of quercetin and kaempferol in acidic hydrolyzed extracts were successfully separated within 10 min and individually quantitated”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorogenic acid isomers ranged from 0.181 to 0.414 mg/100 g DW.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Outcome
- chlorogenic acid isomers analogse0
- Value
- 0.181 to 0.414 mg/100 g DWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorogenic acid isomers analogs (0.181 to 0.414 mg/100 g DW)”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Tocopherols ranged from 7.1 to 116 mg/100 g DW.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Outcome
- tocopherolse0
- Value
- 7.1 to 116 mg/100 g DWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tocopherols (7.1 to 116 mg/100 g DW)”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Carotenoids ranged from 4.49 to 45.94 mg/100 g DW.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Outcome
- carotenoidse0
- Value
- 4.49 to 45.94 mg/100 g DWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carotenoids (4.49 to 45.94 mg/100 g DW)”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonoids ranged from 0.179 to 1.643 % g DW.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferat0
- Outcome
- flavonoidse0
- Value
- 0.179 to 1.643 % g DWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flavonoids (0.179 to 1.643 % g DW)”
t0“Moringa oleifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytochemical concentrations varied with environment, country, genetics and variety.
- Taxon
- Moringa oleiferaMoringa oleiferae0
- Outcome
- concentrations of these phytochemicalse0
- Direction
- variede0
- Setting
- country of collectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentrations of these phytochemicals varied according to the environment, country of collection, genetics, and variety of Moringa oleifera.”