Abstract
Knowledge about the movement and survival of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella . (L.), in mixtures of nontransgenic and transgenic canola, Brassica napus (L.), containing a synthetic cryIA(c) insecticidal gene from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner would have implications in designing resistance management strategies. In diamondback moth larval movement studies neonates moved 72 h after infestation and other instars moved within 24 h. Diamondback moth larval movement and survival were studied in pure stands and mixtures of 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, and 20:80 transgenic and nontransgenic canola plants, respectively, that were arranged in rows within cages in a greenhouse. On the 6th d, no larvae survived in the pure stand of transgenic canola, and few survivors were recorded on transgenic canola plants in mixtures. In mixtures, the percentage of adult emergence decreased as the proportion of transgenic plants increased. All 4 instars were killed when they fed exclusively on transgenic plants. None of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instars were able complete their life cycle when they fed on transgenic canola plants for 48 h and were subsequently transferred to nontransgenic plants. The results suggest that in seed mixtures diamondback moth larvae would move from transgenic to nontransgenic plants before acquiring lethal doses of toxin, indicating a higher possibility of resistance development. These results suggest that a seed mixture strategy may not be an effective strategy against diamondback moth to prevent or reduce the rate of resistance development against transgenic canola. However, transgenic and nontransgenic plants could be grown in separate rows with a wider row spacing (strip planting) to minimize the rate of resistance development.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Neonate diamondback moth larvae moved after 72 hours.
- Taxon
- canola
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Brassica napus var. napust0 - Interactor
- diamondback moth
Plutella xylostellae0pest - Outcome
- diamondback moth larval movemente0
- Value
- 72 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In diamondback moth larval movement studies neonates moved 72 h after infestation”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Other diamondback moth instars moved within 24 hours.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Interactor
- Diamondback MothPlutella xylostellat0pest
- Outcome
- instars movede0
- Value
- 24 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“other instars moved within 24 h.”
t0“Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Larvae in Mixtures of Nontransgenic and Transgenic Canola”
Claim · model-written summary
No larvae survived on pure transgenic canola by day six.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Treatment
- transgenic canolae0
- Interactor
- Diamondback MothPlutella xylostellat0pest
- Outcome
- no larvae survivede0
- Qualifier
- 6th de0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the 6th d, no larvae survived in the pure stand of transgenic canola”
t0“Diamondback Moth”
Claim · model-written summary
Few larvae survived on transgenic plants in mixtures.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Interactor
- Diamondback MothPlutella xylostellat0pest
- Outcome
- few survivorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“few survivors were recorded on transgenic canola plants in mixtures.”
t0“Diamondback Moth”
Claim · model-written summary
Adult emergence decreased as transgenic plant proportion increased.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Material
- transgenic plantse0
- Interactor
- Diamondback MothPlutella xylostellat0pest
- Outcome
- percentage of adult emergencee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In mixtures, the percentage of adult emergence decreased as the proportion of transgenic plants increased.”
t0“Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Larvae in Mixtures of Nontransgenic and Transgenic Canola”
Claim · model-written summary
All four instars were killed when feeding only on transgenic plants.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- transgenic plantse0
- Interactor
- Diamondback MothPlutella xylostellat0pest
- Outcome
- All 4 instars were killede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All 4 instars were killed when they fed exclusively on transgenic plants.”
t0“Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Larvae in Mixtures of Nontransgenic and Transgenic Canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Second through fourth instars failed to complete life cycles after 48 hours on transgenic plants followed by transfer.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Treatment
- transgenic canola plants for 48 he0
- Interactor
- Diamondback MothPlutella xylostellat0pest
- Outcome
- None of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instars were able complete their life cyclee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“None of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instars were able complete their life cycle when they fed on transgenic canola plants for 48 h and were subsequently transferred to nontransgenic plants.”
t0“Diamondback Moth”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors inferred that larval movement in seed mixtures increases resistance risk.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Interactor
- diamondback mothPlutella xylostellae0pest
- Outcome
- higher possibility of resistance developmente0
- Qualifier
- before acquiring lethal doses of toxine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in seed mixtures diamondback moth larvae would move from transgenic to nontransgenic plants before acquiring lethal doses of toxin, indicating a higher possibility of resistance development.”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise against seed mixtures for slowing diamondback moth resistance.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Interactor
- diamondback mothPlutella xylostellae0pest
- Outcome
- seed mixture strategy may not be an effective strategye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a seed mixture strategy may not be an effective strategy against diamondback moth to prevent or reduce the rate of resistance development against transgenic canola.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose strip planting with wider row spacing to slow resistance.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Interactor
- Diamondback MothPlutella xylostellat0pest
- Outcome
- separate rows with a wider row spacing (strip planting)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic and nontransgenic plants could be grown in separate rows with a wider row spacing (strip planting) to minimize the rate of resistance development.”
t0“Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Larvae in Mixtures of Nontransgenic and Transgenic Canola”