Paper · 2012 · Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata

Phloem‐specific resistance in Brassica oleracea against the whitefly Aleyrodes proletella

Colette Broekgaarden; Pierre Riviere; Greet Steenhuis; et al.

6
claims
12
verbatim quotes
29
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Abstract The cabbage whitefly [ Aleyrodes proletella L. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)] is becoming a serious pest in Brassica oleracea L. (Brassicaceae) crops. However, almost nothing is known about the interaction of this insect with its host plants. Previous studies have shown differences in the natural occurrence of adults, eggs, and nymphs on the closely related B. oleracea cultivars Christmas Drumhead and Riviera grown in the field. In this study, we aimed to identify the nature of these differences and to gain insight into the resistance mechanisms against A. proletella. We used no‐choice experiments on field‐ and greenhouse‐grown plants to show that the differences between the two cultivars are mainly based on antibiosis (traits that reduce herbivore performance) and not on antixenosis (traits that deter herbivory). This was further supported by laboratory choice experiments that indicated little or no discrimination between the two cultivars based on plant volatiles. We showed that resistance is dependent on plant age, that is, resistance increased during plant development, and is mainly independent of environmental factors. Analysis of probing behaviour revealed that the resistance trait affects A. proletella at the phloem level and that morphological differences between the two cultivars are most likely not involved. We suggest that compounds present in the phloem reduce sap ingestion by the whitefly and that this explains the observed resistance.

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Claims 6

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Differences between the two cultivars are mainly due to antibiosis rather than antixenosis.

Taxon
Brassica oleraceaBrassica oleraceae0
Material
the two cultivarse1
Outcome
antibiosise1

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica oleracea
Brassica oleracea · TaxonDaderot · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“is becoming a serious pest in Brassica oleracea L.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 82–132 · show in text ↑
e1

“to show that the differences between the two cultivars are mainly based on antibiosis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 647–732 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Laboratory choice tests showed little or no discrimination between the two cultivars based on plant volatiles.

Taxon
Brassica oleraceaBrassica oleraceae0
Material
two cultivarse2
Compound
plant volatilese2
Outcome
discriminatione2
Direction
little or no discriminatione2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica oleracea
Brassica oleracea · TaxonDaderot · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“is becoming a serious pest in Brassica oleracea L.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 82–132 · show in text ↑
e2

“laboratory choice experiments that indicated little or no discrimination between the two cultivars based on plant volatiles”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 860–983 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Resistance increased during plant development and depended on plant age.

Taxon
Brassica oleraceaBrassica oleraceae0
Treatment
plant agee3
Outcome
resistancee3
Direction
increasede3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica oleracea
Brassica oleracea · TaxonDaderot · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“is becoming a serious pest in Brassica oleracea L.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 82–132 · show in text ↑
e3

“resistance is dependent on plant age, that is, resistance increased during plant development, and is mainly independent of environmental factors”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1000–1144 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Resistance was mainly independent of environmental factors.

Taxon
Brassica oleraceaBrassica oleraceae0
Treatment
environmental factorse3
Outcome
resistancee3
Direction
independente3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica oleracea
Brassica oleracea · TaxonDaderot · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“is becoming a serious pest in Brassica oleracea L.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 82–132 · show in text ↑
e3

“resistance is dependent on plant age, that is, resistance increased during plant development, and is mainly independent of environmental factors”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1000–1144 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The resistance trait affects whitefly probing behaviour at the phloem level.

Taxon
Brassica oleraceaBrassica oleraceae0
Interactor
A. proletellaAleyrodes proletellae4pest
Outcome
probing behavioure4
Qualifier
at the phloem levele4

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica oleracea
Brassica oleracea · TaxonDaderot · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Aleyrodes proletella
Aleyrodes proletella · InteractorRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“is becoming a serious pest in Brassica oleracea L.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 82–132 · show in text ↑
e4

“Analysis of probing behaviour revealed that the resistance trait affects A. proletella at the phloem level”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1146–1252 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Phloem compounds likely reduce whitefly sap ingestion and explain the observed resistance.

Taxon
Brassica oleraceaBrassica oleraceae0
Interactor
whiteflye5pest
Compound
compounds present in the phloeme5
Outcome
sap ingestione5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Brassica oleracea
Brassica oleracea · TaxonDaderot · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“is becoming a serious pest in Brassica oleracea L.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 82–132 · show in text ↑
e5

“We suggest that compounds present in the phloem reduce sap ingestion by the whitefly and that this explains the observed resistance”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1344–1475 · show in text ↑