Abstract
Fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to examine the distribution of six abundant long terminal repeat (LTR) retroelements, Opie, Huck, Cinful-1, Prem-2/Ji, Grande, and Tekay/Prem-1 on maize pachytene chromosomes. Retroelement staining in euchromatin was remarkably uniform, even when we included the structurally polymorphic abnormal chromosome 10 (Ab10) in our analysis. This uniformity made it possible to use euchromatin as a control for quantitative staining intensity measurements in other regions of the genome. The data show that knobs, known to function as facultative neocentromeres when Ab10 is present, tend to exclude retroelements. A notable exception is Cinful-1, which accumulates in TR-1 knob arrays. Staining for each of the six retroelements was also substantially reduced in centromeric satellite arrays to an average of 30% of the staining in euchromatin. This contrasted with two previously described centromere-specific retrotransposable (CR) elements that were readily detected in centromeres. We suggest that retroelements are relatively rare in centromeres because they interrupt the long satellite arrays thought to be required for efficient centromere function. CR elements may have evolved mutualistic relationships with their plant hosts: they are known to interact with the kinetochore protein CENH3 and appear to accumulate in clusters, leaving long satellite arrays intact.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Retroelement staining in euchromatin of maize pachytene chromosomes was remarkably uniform.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to examine the distribution of six abundant long terminal repeat (LTR) retroelements, Opie, Huck, Cinful-1, Prem-2/Ji, Grande, and Tekay/Prem-1 on maize pachytene chromosomes”
e2“Retroelement staining in euchromatin was remarkably uniform”
Claim · model-written summary
Knobs tend to exclude retroelements in maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to examine the distribution of six abundant long terminal repeat (LTR) retroelements, Opie, Huck, Cinful-1, Prem-2/Ji, Grande, and Tekay/Prem-1 on maize pachytene chromosomes”
e3“The data show that knobs, known to function as facultative neocentromeres when Ab10 is present, tend to exclude retroelements”
Claim · model-written summary
Cinful-1 accumulates in TR-1 knob arrays in maize, as an exception to the exclusion of retroelements from knobs.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to examine the distribution of six abundant long terminal repeat (LTR) retroelements, Opie, Huck, Cinful-1, Prem-2/Ji, Grande, and Tekay/Prem-1 on maize pachytene chromosomes”
e4“A notable exception is Cinful-1, which accumulates in TR-1 knob arrays”
Claim · model-written summary
Staining for the six retroelements was substantially reduced in centromeric satellite arrays to an average of 30% of euchromatin staining.
- Organ / stage
- centromeric satellite arrayse5
- Outcome
- Staining for each of the six retroelementse5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 30%e5
- Comparator
- euchromatine5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to examine the distribution of six abundant long terminal repeat (LTR) retroelements, Opie, Huck, Cinful-1, Prem-2/Ji, Grande, and Tekay/Prem-1 on maize pachytene chromosomes”
e5“Staining for each of the six retroelements was also substantially reduced in centromeric satellite arrays to an average of 30% of the staining in euchromatin”
Claim · model-written summary
Two centromere-specific CR retrotransposable elements were readily detected in maize centromeres.
- Outcome
- readily detected in centromerese6
- Qualifier
- two previously described centromere-specific retrotransposable (CR) elementse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to examine the distribution of six abundant long terminal repeat (LTR) retroelements, Opie, Huck, Cinful-1, Prem-2/Ji, Grande, and Tekay/Prem-1 on maize pachytene chromosomes”
e6“two previously described centromere-specific retrotransposable (CR) elements that were readily detected in centromeres”
Claim · model-written summary
Retroelements may be rare in centromeres because they interrupt the long satellite arrays.
- Outcome
- retroelements are relatively rare in centromerese7
- Qualifier
- they interrupt the long satellite arrayse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to examine the distribution of six abundant long terminal repeat (LTR) retroelements, Opie, Huck, Cinful-1, Prem-2/Ji, Grande, and Tekay/Prem-1 on maize pachytene chromosomes”
e7“We suggest that retroelements are relatively rare in centromeres because they interrupt the long satellite arrays”