Abstract
Urea and ammonium sulfate are principal nitrogen (N) sources for crop production. Two field experiments were conducted during three consecutive years to evaluate influence of urea and ammonium sulfate application on grain yield, soil pH, calcium (Ca) saturation, magnesium (Mg) saturation, base saturation, aluminum (Al) saturation, and acidity (H + Al) saturation in lowland rice production. Grain yield was significantly influenced by urea as well as ammonium sulfate fertilization. Soil pH linearly decreased with the application of N by ammonium sulfate and urea fertilizers. However, the magnitude of the pH decrease was greater by ammonium sulfate than by urea. The Ca and Mg saturations were decreased at the greater N rates compared to low rates of N by both the fertilizer sources. The Al and acidity saturation increased with increasing N rates by both the fertilizer sources. However, these acidity indices were increased more with the application of ammonium sulfate compared with urea. Rice grain yield had negative associations with pH, Ca saturation, Mg saturation, and base saturation and positive associations with Al and acidity saturation. This indicates that rice plant is tolerant to soil acidity.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Urea and ammonium sulfate fertilization significantly influenced rice grain yield.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- urea as well as ammonium sulfate fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was significantly influenced by urea as well as ammonium sulfate fertilization.”
t0“Influence of Urea and Ammonium Sulfate on Soil Acidity Indices in Lowland Rice Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil pH decreased linearly under ammonium sulfate and urea application.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- application of N by ammonium sulfate and urea fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- Soil pHe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil pH linearly decreased with the application of N by ammonium sulfate and urea fertilizers.”
t0“Influence of Urea and Ammonium Sulfate on Soil Acidity Indices in Lowland Rice Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate produced a larger soil pH decrease than urea.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ammonium sulfatee0
- Outcome
- pH decreasee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the magnitude of the pH decrease was greater by ammonium sulfate than by urea”
t0“Influence of Urea and Ammonium Sulfate on Soil Acidity Indices in Lowland Rice Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen rates decreased soil calcium and magnesium saturations relative to low rates.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- greater N ratese0
- Outcome
- Ca and Mg saturationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- low rates of Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Ca and Mg saturations were decreased at the greater N rates compared to low rates of N by both the fertilizer sources.”
t0“Influence of Urea and Ammonium Sulfate on Soil Acidity Indices in Lowland Rice Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen rates increased soil aluminum and acidity saturation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing N ratese0
- Outcome
- Al and acidity saturatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Al and acidity saturation increased with increasing N rates by both the fertilizer sources.”
t0“Influence of Urea and Ammonium Sulfate on Soil Acidity Indices in Lowland Rice Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate raised the soil acidity indices more than urea.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ammonium sulfatee0
- Outcome
- acidity indicese0
- Direction
- increased moree0
- Comparator
- ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these acidity indices were increased more with the application of ammonium sulfate compared with urea”
t0“Influence of Urea and Ammonium Sulfate on Soil Acidity Indices in Lowland Rice Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grain yield was negatively associated with soil pH and Ca and Mg saturation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- negative associationse0
- Comparator
- pH, Ca saturation, Mg saturatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice grain yield had negative associations with pH, Ca saturation, Mg saturation, and base saturation”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grain yield was negatively associated with soil base saturation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- negative associationse0
- Comparator
- base saturatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice grain yield had negative associations with pH, Ca saturation, Mg saturation, and base saturation”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grain yield was positively associated with aluminum and acidity saturation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- positive associationse0
- Comparator
- Al and acidity saturatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice grain yield had negative associations with pH, Ca saturation, Mg saturation, and base saturation and positive associations with Al and acidity saturation.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret rice as tolerant of soil acidity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- tolerant to soil aciditye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice plant is tolerant to soil acidity”