Abstract
SUMMARY Experiments in England from 1970 to 1973 investigated the possibility of extending the growing season and increasing yields of bolting resistant sugar beet by sowing in autumn rather than in spring. September-sown plants grew rapidly in spring and achieved a complete leaf cover by mid-June by which time they had intercepted 40 % of radiation incident since mid-April compared with 28 and 9% for crops sown on 13 October and 13 April respectively. By early June autumn-sown plants were 20 fold heavier than spring sown but this advantage was progressively lost with the onset of bolting. Root growth slowed as assimilates were diverted to stem and inflorescence growth. Delaying autumn sowing from late September until mid-October delayed and reduced the frequency of bolting, probably because of a shortening of the period when plants were sufficiently large to respond to cold. Cutting down bolting inflorescences at frequent intervals improved root growth of both bolters and non-bolters. However, yields from autumn sowing never exceeded those from spring sowing, the best yield from an autumn-sown crop was 6·1 t/ha of sugar which was similar to that of the spring-sown crop. To try to prevent bolting of overwintered plants the growth regulator ethephon was applied at 10000 mg a.i./l water sufficient to wet the foliage in mid-April. Growth was severely checked and 55 % of plants died. Of the remainder 25–30% fewer than in the untreated crop bolted but yields were 26–42 % less. Less concentrated doses of ethephon did not affect bolting.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
September-sown sugar beet intercepted 40% of radiation since mid-April, compared with 28% for October and 9% for April sowing.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Treatment
- September-sowne0
- Outcome
- radiation incident since mid-Aprile0
- Direction
- interceptede0
- Value
- 40 %e0
- Qualifier
- 28 and 9%e0
- Comparator
- crops sown on 13 October and 13 Aprile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“September-sown plants grew rapidly in spring and achieved a complete leaf cover by mid-June by which time they had intercepted 40 % of radiation incident since mid-April compared with 28 and 9% for crops sown on 13 October and 13 April respectively”
t0“Sowing sugar beet in autumn in England”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn-sown plants were 20 fold heavier than spring-sown plants by early June, but the advantage declined with bolting.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- autumn-sowne0
- Outcome
- heaviere0
- Direction
- heaviere0
- Value
- 20 folde0
- Qualifier
- this advantage was progressively lost with the onset of boltinge0
- Comparator
- spring sowne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By early June autumn-sown plants were 20 fold heavier than spring sown but this advantage was progressively lost with the onset of bolting”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth slowed when assimilates were diverted to stem and inflorescence growth.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- stem and inflorescencee0
- Outcome
- Root growthe0
- Direction
- slowede0
- Qualifier
- assimilates were divertede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root growth slowed as assimilates were diverted to stem and inflorescence growth”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying autumn sowing from late September to mid-October delayed and reduced bolting frequency.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Delaying autumn sowing from late September until mid-Octobere0
- Outcome
- frequency of boltinge0
- Direction
- delayed and reducede0
- Comparator
- late Septembere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Delaying autumn sowing from late September until mid-October delayed and reduced the frequency of bolting”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Frequent cutting of bolting inflorescences improved root growth in bolters and non-bolters.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Cutting down bolting inflorescences at frequent intervalse0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cutting down bolting inflorescences at frequent intervals improved root growth of both bolters and non-bolters”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn sowing never exceeded spring sowing in yield; the best autumn crop yielded 6·1 t/ha sugar.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- autumn sowinge0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- never exceedede0
- Value
- 6·1 t/hae0
- Comparator
- spring sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yields from autumn sowing never exceeded those from spring sowing, the best yield from an autumn-sown crop was 6·1 t/ha of sugar which was similar to that of the spring-sown crop”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon at 10000 mg a.i./l severely checked sugar beet growth and killed 55% of plants.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- ethephon was applied at 10000 mg a.i./l watere0
- Outcome
- plants diede0
- Direction
- diede0
- Value
- 55 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethephon was applied at 10000 mg a.i./l water sufficient to wet the foliage in mid-April. Growth was severely checked and 55 % of plants died”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Among surviving ethephon-treated sugar beet plants, 25–30% fewer bolted than untreated plants.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- boltede0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Value
- 25–30%e0
- Comparator
- untreated crope0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of the remainder 25–30% fewer than in the untreated crop bolted”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon treatment reduced yield by 26–42%.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 26–42 %e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yields were 26–42 % less”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Less concentrated ethephon doses did not affect bolting.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Less concentrated doses of ethephone0
- Outcome
- boltinge0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Less concentrated doses of ethephon did not affect bolting”
t0“sugar beet”
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See all 26 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.