Abstract
Transformation efficiency enhancement in maize Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was tested using four different basal media, five levels of N6 salts, two antioxidants and copper sulfate. In the absence of the antioxidants L-cysteine and dithiothreitol (DTT), the frequencies of transient GUS expression was higher using Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) and Murashige and Skoog (MS) media as an alternative to Chu (N6) and Ducan (D). N6 basal medium exhibited better performance in the presence of antioxidants than MS, LS and D basal media. Five different levels of N6 medium salts (10, 30, 50, 70 and 100%) were tested, and the highest transformation efficiency was 15.9% under a 50% salt concentration, followed by 6.4% transformation efficiency with 70 and 3.2% under 100% salt conditions. More than 95% of infected immature embryos exhibited GUS staining under 10 and 30% salt concentrations, however none of the embryos developed into embryogenic callus, indicating that low salt levels favored T-DNA delivery, but not stable transformation. Additions of DTT or L-cysteine, or a combination of L-cysteine and DTT, showed a significant improvement in the frequency of transient GUS expression, however increases were not observed with independent CuSO4treatments. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern-blot analysis confirmed T-DNA integration into the maize genome. Key words: Maize (Zea mays L.), Agrobacterium tumefaciens, transformation.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Without antioxidants, LS and MS media gave higher transient GUS expression frequencies than N6 and D media.
- Treatment
- Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) and Murashige and Skoog (MS) mediae1
- Outcome
- frequencies of transient GUS expressione1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- In the absence of the antioxidants L-cysteine and dithiothreitol (DTT)e1
- Comparator
- Chu (N6) and Ducan (D)e1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in maize”
e1“In the absence of the antioxidants L-cysteine and dithiothreitol (DTT), the frequencies of transient GUS expression was higher using Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) and Murashige and Skoog (MS) media as an alternative to Chu (N6) and Ducan (D)”
Claim · model-written summary
With antioxidants, N6 basal medium performed better than MS, LS and D media.
- Treatment
- N6 basal mediume2
- Outcome
- performancee2
- Direction
- bettere2
- Qualifier
- in the presence of antioxidantse2
- Comparator
- MS, LS and D basal mediae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in maize”
e2“N6 basal medium exhibited better performance in the presence of antioxidants than MS, LS and D basal media”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest transformation efficiency, 15.9%, was obtained at 50% N6 salt concentration.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in maize”
e3“the highest transformation efficiency was 15.9% under a 50% salt concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
At 70% N6 salt, transformation efficiency was 6.4%, lower than at 50%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in maize”
e4“followed by 6.4% transformation efficiency with 70 and 3.2% under 100% salt conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100% N6 salt, transformation efficiency was 3.2%, lower than at 50%.
- Treatment
- 100% salt conditionse4
- Outcome
- transformation efficiencye4
- Direction
- lowerinferrede4
- Value
- 3.2%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in maize”
e4“followed by 6.4% transformation efficiency with 70 and 3.2% under 100% salt conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
More than 95% of infected immature embryos showed GUS staining at 10 and 30% salt.
- Organ / stage
- immature embryose5
- Treatment
- 10 and 30% salt concentrationse5
- Outcome
- GUS staininge5
- Value
- More than 95%e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in maize”
e5“More than 95% of infected immature embryos exhibited GUS staining under 10 and 30% salt concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
No embryo developed into embryogenic callus at 10 or 30% salt.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in maize”
e6“however none of the embryos developed into embryogenic callus”
Claim · model-written summary
Low salt levels favored T-DNA delivery into maize tissue.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in maize”
e7“indicating that low salt levels favored T-DNA delivery, but not stable transformation”
Claim · model-written summary
Low salt levels did not favor stable transformation.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in maize”
e7“indicating that low salt levels favored T-DNA delivery, but not stable transformation”
Claim · model-written summary
DTT or L-cysteine significantly improved the frequency of transient GUS expression.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in maize”
e1“Additions of DTT or L-cysteine, or a combination of L-cysteine and DTT, showed a significant improvement in the frequency of transient GUS expression”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper sulfate did not increase transient GUS expression.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in maize”
e1“however increases were not observed with independent CuSO4treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
PCR and Southern blot confirmed T-DNA integration into the maize genome.
- Outcome
- T-DNA integratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in maize”
e0“Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern-blot analysis confirmed T-DNA integration into the maize genome”
The same questions in other papers
in vitro · molecular: expression · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.