Abstract
Abstract Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy‐metal pollutant in the environment. Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential component of plant resistance to pathogens and also plays an important role in mediating plant responses to some abiotic stresses. In the present investigation, the potential effects of SA in alleviating Cd toxicity during seedling stage of rice were studied. Seeds of rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Xiushui 11) were sterilized and divided into two groups. Half of the seeds were presoaked in 0.1 mM SA solution for 24 h, then both groups were allowed to germinate under various Cd concentrations for 7 d. Cadmium treatments caused a gradual decrease in vigor index, root length, α‐amylase activity, and the mitotic index of root tips. However, pretreatment with SA partially alleviated the negative effect of Cd on germination parameters and increased enzyme activity and mitotic index. Cadmium uptake by seedlings increased with increasing Cd concentration and followed Michaelis‐Menten kinetics. Salicylic acid pretreatment of seeds influenced the Cd level in the seedlings by decreasing V max . The results suggest that SA plays a positive role in rice‐seed germination and early seedling growth by protecting it against Cd toxicity.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Pretreatment with SA partially alleviated the negative effect of Cd on rice germination parameters.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- pretreatment with SAe3
- Outcome
- germination parameterse3
- Direction
- partially alleviatede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds of rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Xiushui 11) were sterilized and divided into two groups”
e3“pretreatment with SA partially alleviated the negative effect of Cd on germination parameters and increased enzyme activity and mitotic index”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretreatment with SA increased enzyme activity in Cd-exposed rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with SAe3
- Outcome
- enzyme activitye3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds of rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Xiushui 11) were sterilized and divided into two groups”
e3“pretreatment with SA partially alleviated the negative effect of Cd on germination parameters and increased enzyme activity and mitotic index”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretreatment with SA increased the mitotic index of Cd-exposed rice root tips.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with SAe3
- Outcome
- mitotic indexe3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds of rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Xiushui 11) were sterilized and divided into two groups”
e3“pretreatment with SA partially alleviated the negative effect of Cd on germination parameters and increased enzyme activity and mitotic index”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium treatments gradually decreased vigor index, root length and α‐amylase activity of rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Cadmium treatmentse2
- Outcome
- vigor index, root length, α‐amylase activitye2
- Direction
- gradual decreasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds of rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Xiushui 11) were sterilized and divided into two groups”
e2“Cadmium treatments caused a gradual decrease in vigor index, root length, α‐amylase activity, and the mitotic index of root tips”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium treatments gradually decreased the mitotic index of rice root tips.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Cadmium treatmentse2
- Outcome
- mitotic index of root tipse2
- Direction
- gradual decreasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds of rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Xiushui 11) were sterilized and divided into two groups”
e2“Cadmium treatments caused a gradual decrease in vigor index, root length, α‐amylase activity, and the mitotic index of root tips”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium uptake by rice seedlings increased with increasing Cd concentration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- increasing Cd concentratione4
- Outcome
- Cadmium uptake by seedlingse4
- Direction
- increasede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds of rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Xiushui 11) were sterilized and divided into two groups”
e4“Cadmium uptake by seedlings increased with increasing Cd concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid pretreatment of seeds decreased Vmax of Cd uptake, influencing the Cd level in rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Salicylic acid pretreatmente5
- Outcome
- V maxe5
- Direction
- decreasinge5
- Qualifier
- the Cd level in the seedlingse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds of rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Xiushui 11) were sterilized and divided into two groups”
e5“Salicylic acid pretreatment of seeds influenced the Cd level in the seedlings by decreasing V max”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.