Abstract
Summary The effect of variety and spacing on growth, development and yield of cassava and the relationship between growth, development and yield in three cassava varieties were investigated during the 1971 and 1972 growing seasons. Msitu Zanzibar outyielded Aipin Valenca and these two varieties in turn outyielded Amani 4026/16. The varietial effect was associated with differences in the rate of bulking. Increase in plant density led to an increase in the yield of tubers per hectare, the mean increase with increasing plant density being greater in Aipin Valenca than in either Amani 4026/16 or Msitu Zanzibar. Increase in plant density from 12000 to 18000 plants/ha led to a decrease in root tuber yield in Amani 4026/16. The calculated optimum density for maximum yield was 6·7, 6·4 and 5·6 plants/m 2 respectively for Msitu Zanzibar, Aipin Valenca and Amani 4026/16. The spacing effect on tuber yield was associated with differences in the rate of bulking. Aipin Valenca was usually taller than the other varieties and, in general, increase in plant density increased the height of the plants. Final total dry matter/m 2 was greater in Aipin Valenca and Msitu Zanzibar than in Amani 4026/16 and, with the exception of the last variety, total dry matter/m2 increased with increasing plant density. Total dry matter produced per plant was greater in Msitu Zanzibar than in Aipin Valenca and these two varieties had greater dry weight per plant than Amani 4026/16. In the three cassava varieties, the dry weight per plant increased with decreasing plant density. A greater proportion of the total dry matter was diverted into the root tubers of Aipin Valenca and Msitu Zanzibar than in Amani 4026/16. Generally, increase in plant density decreased the proportion of total dry matter diverted into the root tubers. Mean crop growth rate increased with increasing plant density while mean net assimilation rate and relative growth rate decreased with increasing plant density. Amani 4026/16 and Aipin Valenca had a greater mean crop growth rate and a greater net assimilation rate than Msitu Zanzibar. Mean relative growth rate was greater in the latter than in the former two varieties. Leaf area index and leaf area duration were greater in Msitu Zanzibar than in the other two varieties and these tended to increase with increasing plant density. There was a close and positive relationship between rate of bulking and root tuber yield and the lack of a positive relationship between leaf area duration and tuber yield is discussed.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Msitu Zanzibar had greater yield than Aipin Valenca and Amani 4026/16.
- Taxon
- cassava
Manihot esculentat0 - Material
- Msitu Zanzibare0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- outyieldede0
- Comparator
- Aipin Valencae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Msitu Zanzibar outyielded Aipin Valenca and these two varieties in turn outyielded Amani 4026/16.”
t0“three cassava varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Aipin Valenca yielded more than Amani 4026/16.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- Aipin Valencae0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- outyieldede0
- Comparator
- Amani 4026/16e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aipin Valenca and these two varieties in turn outyielded Amani 4026/16.”
t0“three cassava varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Varietal yield differences were associated with bulking rate.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Outcome
- rate of bulkinge0
Not reportedMaterialDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The varietial effect was associated with differences in the rate of bulking.”
t0“three cassava varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher plant density increased tuber yield per hectare, with a greater mean increase in Aipin Valenca than the other two varieties.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- Aipin Valencae0
- Treatment
- Increase in plant densitye0
- Outcome
- yield of tubers per hectaree0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in plant density led to an increase in the yield of tubers per hectare, the mean increase with increasing plant density being greater in Aipin Valenca than in either Amani 4026/16 or Msitu Zanzibar.”
t0“three cassava varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing density from 12000 to 18000 plants/ha decreased root tuber yield in Amani 4026/16.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- Amani 4026/16e0
- Treatment
- Increase in plant density from 12000 to 18000 plants/hae0
- Outcome
- root tuber yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in plant density from 12000 to 18000 plants/ha led to a decrease in root tuber yield in Amani 4026/16.”
t0“three cassava varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Calculated optimum density for maximum yield in Msitu Zanzibar was 6·7 plants/m 2.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- Msitu Zanzibare0
- Outcome
- optimum density for maximum yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 6·7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The calculated optimum density for maximum yield was 6·7, 6·4 and 5·6 plants/m 2 respectively for Msitu Zanzibar, Aipin Valenca and Amani 4026/16.”
t0“three cassava varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Calculated optimum density for maximum yield in Aipin Valenca was 6·4 plants/m 2.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- Aipin Valencae0
- Outcome
- optimum density for maximum yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 6·4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The calculated optimum density for maximum yield was 6·7, 6·4 and 5·6 plants/m 2 respectively for Msitu Zanzibar, Aipin Valenca and Amani 4026/16.”
t0“three cassava varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Calculated optimum density for maximum yield in Amani 4026/16 was 5·6 plants/m 2.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- Amani 4026/16e0
- Outcome
- optimum density for maximum yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 5·6 plants/m 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The calculated optimum density for maximum yield was 6·7, 6·4 and 5·6 plants/m 2 respectively for Msitu Zanzibar, Aipin Valenca and Amani 4026/16.”
t0“three cassava varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Spacing effects on tuber yield were associated with bulking rate differences.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- spacinge0
- Outcome
- tuber yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The spacing effect on tuber yield was associated with differences in the rate of bulking.”
t0“three cassava varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Aipin Valenca was usually taller than the other varieties.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- Aipin Valencae0
- Outcome
- tallere0
- Direction
- tallere0
- Comparator
- the other varietiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aipin Valenca was usually taller than the other varieties”
t0“three cassava varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing density generally increased plant height.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- increase in plant densitye0
- Outcome
- height of the plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in general, increase in plant density increased the height of the plants.”
t0“three cassava varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Final total dry matter per area was greater in Aipin Valenca and Msitu Zanzibar than Amani 4026/16.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- Aipin Valenca and Msitu Zanzibare0
- Outcome
- Final total dry matter/m 2e0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- Amani 4026/16e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Final total dry matter/m 2 was greater in Aipin Valenca and Msitu Zanzibar than in Amani 4026/16”
t0“three cassava varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing density increased dry matter per area except in Amani 4026/16.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- increasing plant densitye0
- Outcome
- total dry matter/m2e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- with the exception of the last varietye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the exception of the last variety, total dry matter/m2 increased with increasing plant density.”
t0“three cassava varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter per plant was greatest in Msitu Zanzibar, followed by Aipin Valenca and Amani 4026/16.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- Msitu Zanzibare0
- Outcome
- Total dry matter produced per plante0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- Aipin Valencae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total dry matter produced per plant was greater in Msitu Zanzibar than in Aipin Valenca and these two varieties had greater dry weight per plant than Amani 4026/16.”
t0“three cassava varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry weight per plant increased as plant density decreased in all three varieties.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- decreasing plant densitye0
- Outcome
- dry weight per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the three cassava varieties, the dry weight per plant increased with decreasing plant density.”
t0“three cassava varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Aipin Valenca and Msitu Zanzibar allocated more dry matter to root tubers than Amani 4026/16.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- Aipin Valenca and Msitu Zanzibare0
- Outcome
- proportion of the total dry matter was diverted into the root tuberse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- Amani 4026/16e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A greater proportion of the total dry matter was diverted into the root tubers of Aipin Valenca and Msitu Zanzibar than in Amani 4026/16.”
t0“three cassava varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing density generally decreased dry matter allocation to root tubers.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- increase in plant densitye0
- Outcome
- proportion of total dry matter diverted into the root tuberse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Generally, increase in plant density decreased the proportion of total dry matter diverted into the root tubers.”
t0“three cassava varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher density increased crop growth rate but decreased net assimilation and relative growth rates.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- increasing plant densitye0
- Outcome
- Mean crop growth ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean crop growth rate increased with increasing plant density while mean net assimilation rate and relative growth rate decreased with increasing plant density.”
t0“three cassava varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher density decreased net assimilation and relative growth rates.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- increasing plant densitye0
- Outcome
- mean net assimilation rate and relative growth ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean crop growth rate increased with increasing plant density while mean net assimilation rate and relative growth rate decreased with increasing plant density.”
t0“three cassava varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulking rate was positively related to root tuber yield.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Organ / stage
- root tubere0
- Outcome
- root tuber yielde0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Qualifier
- rate of bulkinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a close and positive relationship between rate of bulking and root tuber yield”
t0“three cassava varieties”
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