Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) plays a critical role in plant defense against pathogen invasion. SA-induced viral defense in plants is distinct from the pathways mediating bacterial and fungal defense and involves a specific pathway mediated by mitochondria; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. The SA-binding activity of the recombinant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (Slα-kGDH) E2 subunit of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was characterized. The biological role of this binding in plant defenses against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was further investigated via Slα-kGDH E2 silencing and transient overexpression in plants. Slα-kGDH E2 was found to bind SA in two independent assays. SA treatment, as well as Slα-kGDH E2 silencing, increased resistance to TMV. SA did not further enhance TMV defense in Slα-kGDH E2-silenced tomato plants but did reduce TMV susceptibility in Nicotiana benthamiana plants transiently overexpressing Slα-kGDH E2. Furthermore, Slα-kGDH E2-silencing-induced TMV resistance was fully blocked by bongkrekic acid application and alternative oxidase 1a silencing. These results indicated that binding by Slα-kGDH E2 of SA acts upstream of and affects the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which plays an important role in basal defense against TMV. The findings of this study help to elucidate the mechanisms of SA-induced viral defense.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Slα-kGDH E2 bound salicylic acid in two assays.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Gene
- Slα-kGDH E2e0
- Compound
- SAe0
- Outcome
- bind SAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Slα-kGDH E2 was found to bind SA in two independent assays.”
e1“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (Slα-kGDH) E2”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid treatment increased tomato resistance to TMV.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SA treatmente0
- Interactor
- TMV
Tobacco mosaic viruse0pathogen - Outcome
- resistance to TMVe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA treatment, as well as Slα-kGDH E2 silencing, increased resistance to TMV.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Slα-kGDH E2 silencing increased tomato resistance to TMV.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Slα-kGDH E2 silencinge0
- Interactor
- TMVTobacco mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- Slα-kGDH E2e0
- Outcome
- resistance to TMVe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA treatment, as well as Slα-kGDH E2 silencing, increased resistance to TMV.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SA did not further enhance TMV defense in Slα-kGDH E2-silenced tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Interactor
- TMVTobacco mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- Slα-kGDH E2e0
- Outcome
- TMV defensee0
- Direction
- did not further enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA did not further enhance TMV defense in Slα-kGDH E2-silenced tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SA reduced TMV susceptibility in Nicotiana benthamiana overexpressing Slα-kGDH E2.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- SAe0
- Interactor
- TMVTobacco mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- Slα-kGDH E2e0
- Outcome
- TMV susceptibilitye0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA did not further enhance TMV defense in Slα-kGDH E2-silenced tomato plants but did reduce TMV susceptibility in Nicotiana benthamiana plants transiently overexpressing Slα-kGDH E2.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bongkrekic acid fully blocked silencing-induced TMV resistance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- bongkrekic acid applicatione0
- Interactor
- TMVTobacco mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- Slα-kGDH E2-silencing-induced TMV resistancee0
- Direction
- fully blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Slα-kGDH E2-silencing-induced TMV resistance was fully blocked by bongkrekic acid application”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternative oxidase 1a silencing fully blocked silencing-induced TMV resistance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- alternative oxidase 1a silencinge0
- Interactor
- TMVTobacco mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- alternative oxidase 1ae0
- Outcome
- Slα-kGDH E2-silencing-induced TMV resistancee0
- Direction
- fully blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Slα-kGDH E2-silencing-induced TMV resistance was fully blocked by bongkrekic acid application and alternative oxidase 1a silencing.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors inferred SA binding by Slα-kGDH E2 acts upstream of mitochondrial electron transport in basal TMV defense.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- TMVTobacco mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- Slα-kGDH E2e0
- Compound
- SAe0
- Outcome
- basal defense against TMVe0
- Qualifier
- mitochondrial electron transport chaine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“binding by Slα-kGDH E2 of SA acts upstream of and affects the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which plays an important role in basal defense against TMV”
t0“tomato”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · Tobacco mosaic virus · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.