Abstract
Abstract The interactions between water content and temperature on freezing and desiccation damage were examined for Zizania (wild rice) embryos at several stages of maturity. The water content of excised embryos was manipulated by flash drying at 35°C or room temperature to between 2.5 g H 2 O/g dw and 0.05 g/g. Embryos were then exposed to temperatures ranging from 5 to −50°C. Viability following the drying and cooling treatments was assayed by leakage of electrolytes and germination in culture. Viability of embryos decreased when embryos were dried below a critical water content. The critical water content was greatest for the least mature embryos. Critical water contents were also temperature dependent and increased with decreasing temperature. Even though the critical water content varied with developmental status and temperature, the water activity corresponding to the critical water content appeared to be constant at 0.90. The most mature embryos survived temperatures as low as −50°C while the least mature embryos survived only to −18°C. These trends were predicted by ‘phase diagrams’ based on the physical properties of water in embryos at different stages of maturity (Vertucci et al. , 1994a). Our results confirm the earlier prediction that long term preservation of Zizania grains is possible at −20°C and the degree of success will be related to the maturity status of the embryos.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Embryo viability declined below a critical water content.
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ZizaniaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
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Verbatim
e0“Viability of embryos decreased when embryos were dried below a critical water content”
t0“Survival of Zizania embryos in relation to water content, temperature and maturity status”
Claim · model-written summary
The critical water content was greatest in the least mature embryos.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The critical water content was greatest for the least mature embryos”
t0“Survival of Zizania embryos in relation to water content, temperature and maturity status”
Claim · model-written summary
Critical water content increased as temperature decreased.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Critical water contents were also temperature dependent and increased with decreasing temperature”
t0“Survival of Zizania embryos in relation to water content, temperature and maturity status”
Claim · model-written summary
Water activity at the critical water content appeared constant at 0.90 despite developmental and temperature variation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the water activity corresponding to the critical water content appeared to be constant at 0.90”
t0“Survival of Zizania embryos in relation to water content, temperature and maturity status”
Claim · model-written summary
The most mature embryos survived temperatures down to −50°C.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most mature embryos survived temperatures as low as −50°C”
t0“Survival of Zizania embryos in relation to water content, temperature and maturity status”
Claim · model-written summary
The least mature embryos survived only to −18°C.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the least mature embryos survived only to −18°C”
t0“Survival of Zizania embryos in relation to water content, temperature and maturity status”
Claim · model-written summary
Phase diagrams predicted the observed embryo survival trends.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These trends were predicted by ‘phase diagrams’ based on the physical properties of water in embryos at different stages of maturity”
t0“Survival of Zizania embryos in relation to water content, temperature and maturity status”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term preservation of Zizania grains is possible at −20°C, with success related to embryo maturity.
- Outcome
- long term preservation of Zizania grains is possible at −20°Ce0
- Qualifier
- maturity status of the embryose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“long term preservation of Zizania grains is possible at −20°C and the degree of success will be related to the maturity status of the embryos”