Abstract
Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) are a subset of plant receptor-like kinases lacking both extracellular and transmembrane domains. Some of the 46 members in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) RLCK subfamily VII have been linked to plant innate immunity; however, most remain uncharacterized. Thus, multiple subfamily VII members are expected to be involved in plant immune signaling. Here, we investigate the role of AvrPphB SUSCEPTIBLE1-LIKE13 (PBL13), a subfamily VII RLCK with unique domain architecture. Unlike other characterized RLCKs, PBL13 transfer DNA insertion lines exhibit enhanced disease resistance after inoculation with virulent Pseudomonas syringae. The pbl13-2 knockout also exhibits elevated basal-level expression of the PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE1 defense marker gene, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in response to perception of bacterial microbial patterns, and accelerated flagellin-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Recombinant PBL13 is an active kinase, and its primary autophosphorylated sites map to a 15-amino acid repeat motif unique to PBL13. Complementation of pbl13-2 with PBL13-3xFLAG converts the enhanced resistance and elevated ROS phenotypes back to wild-type levels. In contrast, kinase-dead PBL13(K111A)-3xFLAG was unable to rescue pbl13-2 disease phenotypes. Consistent with the enhanced ROS burst in the pbl13-2 knockout, PBL13 is able to associate with the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced oxidase RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG PROTEIN D (RBOHD) by split-luciferase complementation assay, and this association is disrupted by flagellin treatment. We conclude that the PBL13 kinase negatively regulates plant innate immunity to pathogenic bacteria and can associate with RBOHD before pathogen perception. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that PBL13 acts to prevent inappropriate activation of defense responses in the absence of pathogen challenge.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
PBL13 transfer DNA insertion lines show enhanced disease resistance after inoculation with virulent Pseudomonas syringae.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Material
- PBL13 transfer DNA insertion linese1
- Treatment
- inoculation with virulent Pseudomonas syringaee1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee1pathogen - Gene
- PBL13e1
- Outcome
- disease resistancee1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis immune responses”
e1“Unlike other characterized RLCKs, PBL13 transfer DNA insertion lines exhibit enhanced disease resistance after inoculation with virulent Pseudomonas syringae”
Claim · model-written summary
The pbl13-2 knockout shows elevated basal-level expression of the PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE1 defense marker gene.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- pbl13-2e2
- Treatment
- pbl13-2 knockoute2
- Gene
- PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE1e2
- Outcome
- basal-level expressione2
- Direction
- elevatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis immune responses”
e2“The pbl13-2 knockout also exhibits elevated basal-level expression of the PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE1 defense marker gene”
Claim · model-written summary
Perception of bacterial microbial patterns elicits an enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in the pbl13-2 knockout.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- perception of bacterial microbial patternse3
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) burste3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis immune responses”
e3“enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in response to perception of bacterial microbial patterns”
Claim · model-written summary
Flagellin accelerates activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in the pbl13-2 knockout.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- flagelline4
- Outcome
- activation of mitogen-activated protein kinasese4
- Direction
- acceleratede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis immune responses”
e4“accelerated flagellin-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases”
Claim · model-written summary
Recombinant PBL13 is an active kinase.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- active kinasee5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis immune responses”
e5“Recombinant PBL13 is an active kinase”
Claim · model-written summary
The primary autophosphorylated sites of PBL13 map to a 15-amino acid repeat motif unique to PBL13.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- primary autophosphorylated sitese6
- Qualifier
- 15-amino acid repeat motif unique to PBL13e6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis immune responses”
e6“its primary autophosphorylated sites map to a 15-amino acid repeat motif unique to PBL13”
Claim · model-written summary
Complementation of pbl13-2 with PBL13-3xFLAG restores enhanced resistance and elevated ROS phenotypes to wild-type levels.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- PBL13-3xFLAGe7
- Treatment
- Complementation of pbl13-2 with PBL13-3xFLAGe7
- Outcome
- enhanced resistance and elevated ROS phenotypese7
- Direction
- convertse7
- Comparator
- wild-type levelse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis immune responses”
e7“Complementation of pbl13-2 with PBL13-3xFLAG converts the enhanced resistance and elevated ROS phenotypes back to wild-type levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinase-dead PBL13(K111A)-3xFLAG is unable to rescue the pbl13-2 disease phenotypes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- kinase-dead PBL13(K111A)-3xFLAGe2
- Outcome
- disease phenotypese2
- Direction
- unable to rescuee2
- Comparator
- pbl13-2e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis immune responses”
e2“kinase-dead PBL13(K111A)-3xFLAG was unable to rescue pbl13-2 disease phenotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
PBL13 associates with RBOHD in a split-luciferase complementation assay.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- RBOHDe3
- Outcome
- associate withe3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis immune responses”
e3“PBL13 is able to associate with the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced oxidase RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG PROTEIN D (RBOHD) by split-luciferase complementation assay”
Claim · model-written summary
Flagellin treatment disrupts the association of PBL13 with RBOHD.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- flagellin treatmente4
- Outcome
- associatione4
- Direction
- disruptede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis immune responses”
e4“this association is disrupted by flagellin treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The PBL13 kinase negatively regulates plant innate immunity to pathogenic bacteria.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Interactor
- pathogenic bacteriae5pathogen
- Gene
- PBL13e5
- Outcome
- plant innate immunity to pathogenic bacteriae5
- Direction
- negatively regulatese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis immune responses”
e5“We conclude that the PBL13 kinase negatively regulates plant innate immunity to pathogenic bacteria”
Claim · model-written summary
PBL13 acts to prevent inappropriate activation of defense responses in the absence of pathogen challenge.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- PBL13e6
- Outcome
- inappropriate activation of defense responsese6
- Direction
- prevente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis immune responses”
e6“These data are consistent with the hypothesis that PBL13 acts to prevent inappropriate activation of defense responses in the absence of pathogen challenge”
The same questions in other papers
Pseudomonas syringae · disease · ArabidopsisResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
inoculation · disease · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.