Abstract
A field study was conducted from 1999 through 2001 at Stoneville, MS, to determine the effects of bromoxynil-resistant (BR) and glyphosate-resistant (GR) cotton rotation systems under ultranarrow- (25-cm spacing) and wide- (102-cm spacing) row planting on weed control, weed density and shift, and cotton yield. The four rotations during 3 yr included BR–BR–BR, GR–GR–GR, BR–GR–BR, and GR–BR–GR, all with bromoxynil or glyphosate postemergence (POST) only or following fluometuron plus pendimethalin preemergence (PRE). Control of hemp sesbania, pitted morningglory, prickly sida, and hyssop spurge was ≥97% regardless of row width, rotation, and herbicide program. Control of common purslane, sicklepod, and smooth pigweed was higher with glyphosate POST in GR cotton than with bromoxynil POST in BR cotton. Broadleaf and yellow nutsedge weed biomass were higher with bromoxynil POST in BR cotton than with glyphosate POST in GR cotton. Continuous BR cotton system resulted in higher densities of common purslane, sicklepod, and yellow nutsedge (15.3, 1.5, and 373 plants/m2, respectively) compared with continuous GR cotton (0.7, 0.1, and 1.0 plant/m2, respectively). Seed cotton yield was consistently higher in wide- than in ultranarrow-row cotton. Seed cotton yield was lower in continuous BR cotton than in the other three rotation systems, and yields greatly improved when BR cotton was rotated with GR cotton. During a 3-yr period, seed cotton yields with glyphosate POST only (4,000 to 4,890 kg/ha) or after PRE herbicides (4,480 to 4,860 kg/ha) were similar in GR cotton, whereas in BR cotton, bromoxynil POST only (1,390 to 4,280 kg/ha) resulted in lower yield than did bromoxynil POST after PRE herbicides (2,550 to 4,480 kg/ha). The results indicated that the shift in spectrum of weeds toward more tolerant species and yield decline in continuous BR cotton can be prevented by rotating BR with GR cotton.Nomenclature: Bromoxynil; fluometuron; glyphosate; pendimethalin; common purslane, Portulaca oleracea L. #3 POROL; hemp sesbania, Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. ex A.W. Hill # SEBEX; hyssop spurge, Euphorbia hyssopifolia L. # EPHHS; pitted morningglory, Ipomoea lacunosa L. # IPOLA; prickly sida, Sida spinosa L. # SIDSP; sicklepod, Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby # CASOB; smooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. # AMACH; yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. # CYPES; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘BXN 47’, ‘DP 436 RR’.Additional index words: Bromoxynil, fluometuron, glyphosate, pendimethalin, rotation, transgenic cotton, weed density, weed shift.Abbreviations: BR, bromoxynil resistant; GR, glyphosate resistant; POST, postemergence; PRE, preemergence; WAA, weeks after second POST application.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Four weeds were controlled at at least 97% across row widths, rotations and herbicide programs.
- Treatment
- rotatione0
- Outcome
- Control of hemp sesbania, pitted morningglory, prickly sida, and hyssop spurgee0
- Value
- ≥97%e0
- Comparator
- row widthe0
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“Control of hemp sesbania, pitted morningglory, prickly sida, and hyssop spurge was ≥97% regardless of row width, rotation, and herbicide program.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate POST in GR cotton gave higher common purslane control than bromoxynil POST in BR cotton.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- glyphosate POST in GR cottone0
- Interactor
- common purslanee0weed
- Outcome
- Control of common purslanee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- bromoxynil POST in BR cottone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control of common purslane, sicklepod, and smooth pigweed was higher with glyphosate POST in GR cotton than with bromoxynil POST in BR cotton.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate POST gave higher sicklepod control.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- glyphosate POST in GR cottone0
- Interactor
- sicklepode0weed
- Outcome
- sicklepode0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- bromoxynil POST in BR cottone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control of common purslane, sicklepod, and smooth pigweed was higher with glyphosate POST in GR cotton than with bromoxynil POST in BR cotton.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate POST gave higher smooth pigweed control.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- glyphosate POST in GR cottone0
- Interactor
- smooth pigweed
Amaranthus hybriduse0weed - Outcome
- smooth pigweede0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- bromoxynil POST in BR cottone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control of common purslane, sicklepod, and smooth pigweed was higher with glyphosate POST in GR cotton than with bromoxynil POST in BR cotton.”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadleaf weed biomass was higher with bromoxynil POST.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- bromoxynil POST in BR cottone0
- Interactor
- Broadleafe0weed
- Outcome
- Broadleafe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- glyphosate POST in GR cottone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Broadleaf and yellow nutsedge weed biomass were higher with bromoxynil POST in BR cotton than with glyphosate POST in GR cotton.”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow nutsedge biomass was higher with bromoxynil POST.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- bromoxynil POST in BR cottone0
- Interactor
- yellow nutsedgee0weed
- Outcome
- yellow nutsedge weed biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- glyphosate POST in GR cottone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Broadleaf and yellow nutsedge weed biomass were higher with bromoxynil POST in BR cotton than with glyphosate POST in GR cotton.”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous BR had higher common purslane density than continuous GR.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Continuous BR cotton systeme0
- Interactor
- common purslanee0weed
- Outcome
- densities of common purslanee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 15.3e0
- Comparator
- continuous GR cottone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Continuous BR cotton system resulted in higher densities of common purslane, sicklepod, and yellow nutsedge (15.3, 1.5, and 373 plants/m2, respectively) compared with continuous GR cotton (0.7, 0.1, and 1.0 plant/m2, respectively).”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous BR had higher sicklepod density than continuous GR.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Continuous BR cotton systeme0
- Interactor
- sicklepode0weed
- Outcome
- sicklepode0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.5e0
- Comparator
- continuous GR cottone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Continuous BR cotton system resulted in higher densities of common purslane, sicklepod, and yellow nutsedge (15.3, 1.5, and 373 plants/m2, respectively) compared with continuous GR cotton (0.7, 0.1, and 1.0 plant/m2, respectively).”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous BR had higher yellow nutsedge density than continuous GR.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Continuous BR cotton systeme0
- Interactor
- yellow nutsedgee0weed
- Outcome
- yellow nutsedgee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 373 plants/m2e0
- Comparator
- continuous GR cottone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Continuous BR cotton system resulted in higher densities of common purslane, sicklepod, and yellow nutsedge (15.3, 1.5, and 373 plants/m2, respectively) compared with continuous GR cotton (0.7, 0.1, and 1.0 plant/m2, respectively).”
Claim · model-written summary
Wide rows gave higher seed cotton yield than ultranarrow rows.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- wide-e0
- Outcome
- Seed cotton yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- ultranarrow-row cottone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed cotton yield was consistently higher in wide- than in ultranarrow-row cotton.”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous BR cotton yielded less than the other rotation systems.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- continuous BR cottone0
- Outcome
- Seed cotton yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- the other three rotation systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed cotton yield was lower in continuous BR cotton than in the other three rotation systems, and yields greatly improved when BR cotton was rotated with GR cotton.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotating BR cotton with GR cotton greatly improved yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- BR cotton was rotated with GR cottone0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- greatly improvede0
- Comparator
- continuous BR cottone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed cotton yield was lower in continuous BR cotton than in the other three rotation systems, and yields greatly improved when BR cotton was rotated with GR cotton.”
Claim · model-written summary
GR cotton yields were similar with glyphosate POST alone or after PRE herbicides.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- glyphosate POST onlye0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yieldse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 4,000 to 4,890 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 4,480 to 4,860 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- after PRE herbicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed cotton yields with glyphosate POST only (4,000 to 4,890 kg/ha) or after PRE herbicides (4,480 to 4,860 kg/ha) were similar in GR cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
In BR cotton, bromoxynil POST alone gave lower yields than after PRE herbicides.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- bromoxynil POST onlye0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 1,390 to 4,280 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 2,550 to 4,480 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- bromoxynil POST after PRE herbicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in BR cotton, bromoxynil POST only (1,390 to 4,280 kg/ha) resulted in lower yield than did bromoxynil POST after PRE herbicides (2,550 to 4,480 kg/ha).”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded rotating BR with GR cotton can prevent weed shifts and yield decline.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- prevented by rotating BR with GR cottone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the shift in spectrum of weeds toward more tolerant species and yield decline in continuous BR cotton can be prevented by rotating BR with GR cotton.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.