Abstract
Weed management systems were compared in bromoxynil-resistant, glyphosate-resistant, and nontransgenic cotton. A standard system of pendimethalin preplant incorporated (PPI), fluometuron preemergence (PRE), fluometuron plus MSMA early postemergence-directed (POST-DIR), and cyanazine plus MSMA late POST-DIR in combination with cultivation controlled broadleaf signalgrass, large crabgrass, common lambsquarters, jimsonweed, pitted morningglory, prickly sida, sicklepod, and smooth pigweed 98 to 100% late season. Weed control, cotton yield, and net returns were similar when pyrithiobac or bromoxynil plus MSMA postemergence (POST) replaced fluometuron plus MSMA POST-DIR. Fluometuron PRE had little to no effect in bromoxynil systems. Glyphosate POST to three- to four-leaf-stage cotton followed by cyanazine plus MSMA late POST-DIR and cultivation controlled weeds 96 to 100%. Glyphosate POST followed by glyphosate POST-DIR and cultivation controlled pitted morningglory and large crabgrass 89 to 90% and other species at least 94%. Yields and net returns at one location were similar for glyphosate applied twice or glyphosate POST followed by cyanazine plus MSMA POST-DIR and the standard system. Pendimethalin plus fluometuron in glyphosate systems did not increase yield or net returns. At a location severely infested with large crabgrass, pendimethalin plus fluometuron in glyphosate systems increased yield 37 to 44% and net returns 85 to 108%, respectively, when glyphosate was applied to cotton at the three-to four-leaf stage, but not if glyphosate was applied to cotton at the one-leaf stage. Yield and net returns were similar when bromoxynil-resistant, glyphosate-resistant, and nontransgenic cotton were treated using the standard system.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The standard system controlled eight named weeds 98 to 100% late season.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- A standard system of pendimethalin preplant incorporated (PPI), fluometuron preemergence (PRE), fluometuron plus MSMA early postemergence-directed (POST-DIR), and cyanazine plus MSMA late POST-DIR in combination with cultivatione0
- Interactor
- broadleaf signalgrass
Urochloa platyphyllae0weed - Outcome
- controlled broadleaf signalgrass, large crabgrass, common lambsquarters, jimsonweed, pitted morningglory, prickly sida, sicklepod, and smooth pigweede0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 98 to 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A standard system of pendimethalin preplant incorporated (PPI), fluometuron preemergence (PRE), fluometuron plus MSMA early postemergence-directed (POST-DIR), and cyanazine plus MSMA late POST-DIR in combination with cultivation controlled broadleaf signalgrass, large crabgrass, common lambsquarters, jimsonweed, pitted morningglory, prickly sida, sicklepod, and smooth pigweed 98 to 100% late season”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Replacing fluometuron plus MSMA with pyrithiobac or bromoxynil plus MSMA gave similar weed control, yield, and returns.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- pyrithiobac or bromoxynil plus MSMA postemergence (POST)e0
- Outcome
- Weed control, cotton yield, and net returnse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- fluometuron plus MSMA POST-DIRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed control, cotton yield, and net returns were similar when pyrithiobac or bromoxynil plus MSMA postemergence (POST) replaced fluometuron plus MSMA POST-DIR”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluometuron PRE had little to no effect in bromoxynil systems.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Fluometuron PREe0
- Outcome
- little to no effecte0
- Direction
- little to no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fluometuron PRE had little to no effect in bromoxynil systems”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate POST followed by cyanazine plus MSMA and cultivation controlled weeds 96 to 100%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate POST to three- to four-leaf-stage cotton followed by cyanazine plus MSMA late POST-DIR and cultivatione0
- Outcome
- controlled weedse0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 96 to 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate POST to three- to four-leaf-stage cotton followed by cyanazine plus MSMA late POST-DIR and cultivation controlled weeds 96 to 100%”
Claim · model-written summary
Two glyphosate applications and cultivation controlled pitted morningglory and large crabgrass 89 to 90%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate POST followed by glyphosate POST-DIR and cultivatione0
- Interactor
- pitted morningglorye0weed
- Outcome
- controlled pitted morningglory and large crabgrasse0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 89 to 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate POST followed by glyphosate POST-DIR and cultivation controlled pitted morningglory and large crabgrass 89 to 90% and other species at least 94%”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The same system controlled other weed species at least 94%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate POST followed by glyphosate POST-DIR and cultivatione0
- Outcome
- other speciese0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- at least 94%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate POST followed by glyphosate POST-DIR and cultivation controlled pitted morningglory and large crabgrass 89 to 90% and other species at least 94%”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
At one site, yield and net returns were similar among two glyphosate sequences and the standard system.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- glyphosate applied twice or glyphosate POST followed by cyanazine plus MSMA POST-DIRe0
- Outcome
- Yields and net returnse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- the standard systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields and net returns at one location were similar for glyphosate applied twice or glyphosate POST followed by cyanazine plus MSMA POST-DIR and the standard system”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus fluometuron did not increase yield or net returns in glyphosate systems.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin plus fluometurone0
- Outcome
- yield or net returnse0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin plus fluometuron in glyphosate systems did not increase yield or net returns”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
At a heavily crabgrass-infested site, pendimethalin plus fluometuron increased yield 37 to 44% with later glyphosate application.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin plus fluometurone0
- Interactor
- large crabgrasse0weed
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 37 to 44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At a location severely infested with large crabgrass, pendimethalin plus fluometuron in glyphosate systems increased yield 37 to 44% and net returns 85 to 108%, respectively, when glyphosate was applied to cotton at the three-to four-leaf stage”
Claim · model-written summary
At that site, pendimethalin plus fluometuron increased net returns 85 to 108%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin plus fluometurone0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 85 to 108%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At a location severely infested with large crabgrass, pendimethalin plus fluometuron in glyphosate systems increased yield 37 to 44% and net returns 85 to 108%, respectively, when glyphosate was applied to cotton at the three-to four-leaf stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Standard-system yield and returns were similar across resistant and nontransgenic cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- the standard systeme0
- Outcome
- Yield and net returnse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- nontransgenic cottone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield and net returns were similar when bromoxynil-resistant, glyphosate-resistant, and nontransgenic cotton were treated using the standard system”
The same questions in other papers
fluometuron · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →pendimethalin · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
42 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
45 papers more in this group
See all 49 papers →glyphosate · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
25 papers in the same direction as this paper · 35 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
57 papers more in this group
See all 61 papers →pendimethalin · Urochloa platyphylla · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
cyanazine · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile · weed · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →glyphosate · weed · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
33 papers more in this group
See all 37 papers →glyphosate · control · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
37 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
37 papers more in this group
See all 41 papers →8 of 14 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.