Abstract
Traditionally, herbicide efficacy has been evaluated by visual ratings, but these data provide little insight to the biological response of weeds to herbicides. Field studies were conducted in 1995 and 1996 to determine the rate response of Setaria faberi seedling survival, seed production, and biomass to postemergence herbicides in Zea mays and Glycine max. Nicosulfuron and sethoxydim were applied to Z. mays and G. max, respectively, at 1×, 12×, 14×, 18×, 116×, 132×, and 0× the label rate. Mature plant density of S. faberi was linearly related to seedling density, indicating that seedling survival was not density dependent. Based on a nonlinear dose–response analysis, maximum S. faberi survival was 55% in Z. mays across years and 60 and 45% in G. max in 1995 and 1996, respectively. Minimum survival was 0% except for Z. mays in 1996 when it was 13%. The minimum survival was greater in Z. mays in 1996 due to greater survival of late cohorts than in 1995. Setaria faberi seedling survival was greater in 12× than 1× herbicide treatments in Z. mays and G. max each year. Setaria faberi seed production was related to mature plant density with a negative exponential function. Seed production per plant was similar between 1× and 12× rates in Z. mays and among 1×, 12×, and 14× rates in G. max each year. However, seed production per square meter was greater in 12× than 1× treatments due to greater seedling survival. Regardless, seed production per square meter was 95% less in the 12× herbicide treatment compared to seed production by untreated plants in Z. mays and G. max.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum S. faberi survival in Z. mays across years was 55%.
- Interactor
- S. faberi
Setaria faberie1weed - Outcome
- maximum S. faberi survivale1
- Value
- 55%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“maximum S. faberi survival was 55% in Z. mays across years and 60 and 45% in G. max in 1995 and 1996, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum S. faberi survival in G. max was 60% in 1995.
- Taxon
- G. max
Glycine maxe1 - Interactor
- S. faberiSetaria faberie1weed
- Outcome
- maximum S. faberi survivale1
- Value
- 60e1
- Setting
- 1995e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“maximum S. faberi survival was 55% in Z. mays across years and 60 and 45% in G. max in 1995 and 1996, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum S. faberi survival in G. max was 45% in 1996.
- Taxon
- G. maxGlycine maxe1
- Interactor
- S. faberiSetaria faberie1weed
- Outcome
- maximum S. faberi survivale1
- Value
- 45%e1
- Setting
- 1996e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“maximum S. faberi survival was 55% in Z. mays across years and 60 and 45% in G. max in 1995 and 1996, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum S. faberi survival was 0% except in Z. mays in 1996.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Minimum survival was 0% except for Z. mays in 1996 when it was 13%”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum S. faberi survival in Z. mays in 1996 was 13%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Minimum survival was 0% except for Z. mays in 1996 when it was 13%”
Claim · model-written summary
S. faberi seedling survival in Z. mays was greater at 12× than at 1× herbicide rate.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Setaria faberi seedling survival was greater in 12× than 1× herbicide treatments in Z. mays and G. max each year”
Claim · model-written summary
S. faberi seedling survival in G. max was greater at 12× than at 1× herbicide rate.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Setaria faberi seedling survival was greater in 12× than 1× herbicide treatments in Z. mays and G. max each year”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed production per plant of Z. mays was similar at 12× and 1× herbicide rates.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Seed production per plant was similar between 1× and 12× rates in Z. mays and among 1×, 12×, and 14× rates in G. max each year”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed production per plant of G. max was similar at 12× and 1× herbicide rates.
- Taxon
- G. maxGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- 12×e4
- Outcome
- Seed production per plante4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Qualifier
- among 1×, 12×, and 14× ratese4
- Comparator
- 1×e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Seed production per plant was similar between 1× and 12× rates in Z. mays and among 1×, 12×, and 14× rates in G. max each year”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed production per square meter was greater at 12× than at 1× herbicide rate in the crops.
- Taxon
- Z. mays and G. maxGlycine max
Zea mayse6 - Treatment
- 12×e5
- Outcome
- seed production per square metere5
- Direction
- greatere5
- Comparator
- 1×e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“seed production per square meter was greater in 12× than 1× treatments due to greater seedling survival”
e6“Regardless, seed production per square meter was 95% less in the 12× herbicide treatment compared to seed production by untreated plants in Z. mays and G. max”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed production per square meter was 95% lower at 12× herbicide rate than in untreated plants of Z. mays and G. max.
- Taxon
- Z. mays and G. maxGlycine maxZea mayse6
- Treatment
- 12× herbicide treatmente6
- Outcome
- seed production per square metere6
- Direction
- lesse6
- Value
- 95%e6
- Comparator
- untreated plantse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Regardless, seed production per square meter was 95% less in the 12× herbicide treatment compared to seed production by untreated plants in Z. mays and G. max”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed production per plant of S. faberi was negatively related to mature plant density by an exponential function.
- Taxon
- Setaria faberiSetaria faberie7
- Treatment
- mature plant densitye7
- Outcome
- seed productione7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Setaria faberi seed production was related to mature plant density with a negative exponential function”
Claim · model-written summary
Mature plant density of S. faberi was linearly related to seedling density.
- Taxon
- S. faberiSetaria faberie1
- Treatment
- seedling densitye1
- Outcome
- Mature plant densitye1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Mature plant density of S. faberi was linearly related to seedling density”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling survival of S. faberi was not density dependent.
- Taxon
- S. faberiSetaria faberie1
- Outcome
- seedling survivale2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Mature plant density of S. faberi was linearly related to seedling density”
e2“indicating that seedling survival was not density dependent”
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See all 651 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.