Abstract
Tomato cultivation in the Mediterranean region is susceptible to infestation by the parasitic weed branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa), and severe yield losses can result. The effectiveness of solarization, a soil disinfection technique that uses passive solar heating, to control the incidence of broomrape under greenhouse conditions was studied over two growing seasons. Solarization was accomplished by the application of clear polyethylene sheets to moist soil for 58 to 61 d during the hot season. The treatment increased maximum soil temperature by around 10 C, and at 5 cm below the soil surface, a temperature of more than 45 C was reached for 34 to 58 d, whereas this temperature was not reached at all in the first season and not for 20 d (second season) in unmulched soil. In solarized soil, no broomrape shoots emerged, and neither haustoria nor underground tubercles of the parasite were found on tomato roots. The treatment killed about 95% of buried viable seed, and induced secondary dormancy in the remaining 5%. In nonsolarized plots, broomrape shoots were present at a high density, decreasing plant growth and fruit production. Fruit yield was 133 to 258% higher in the solarized as compared with the nonsolarized treatment. Based on these results, we suggest that soil solarization, which precludes chemical contamination and is suitable for organic farming, is an appropriate technology where the risk of branched broomrape infestation is high.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Solarization increased maximum soil temperature by around 10 C.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The treatment increased maximum soil temperature by around 10 C”
e1“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Solarized soil exceeded 45 C at 5 cm depth for 34 to 58 days, unlike unmulched soil.
- Treatment
- Solarizatione1
- Outcome
- temperaturee0
- Direction
- more thane0
- Value
- 45 Ce0
- Qualifier
- 34 to 58 de0
- Comparator
- unmulched soile0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“at 5 cm below the soil surface, a temperature of more than 45 C was reached for 34 to 58 d, whereas this temperature was not reached at all in the first season and not for 20 d (second season) in unmulched soil”
e1“Solarization”
Claim · model-written summary
No broomrape shoots emerged in solarized soil.
- Taxon
- branched broomrapee2
- Treatment
- solarized soile0
- Interactor
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1host - Outcome
- no broomrape shoots emergede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In solarized soil, no broomrape shoots emerged”
e1“tomato”
e2“branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
No parasite haustoria or tubercles were found on tomato roots in solarized soil.
- Taxon
- branched broomrapee2
- Treatment
- solarized soile1
- Interactor
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0host
- Outcome
- neither haustoria nor underground tubercles of the parasite were founde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neither haustoria nor underground tubercles of the parasite were found on tomato roots”
e1“solarized soil”
e2“branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Solarization killed about 95% of buried viable broomrape seed.
- Taxon
- branched broomrapee1
- Treatment
- solarizatione2
- Outcome
- buried viable seede0
- Direction
- killede0
- Value
- about 95%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The treatment killed about 95% of buried viable seed”
e1“branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa)”
e2“The effectiveness of solarization, a soil disinfection technique”
Claim · model-written summary
Solarization induced secondary dormancy in the remaining 5% of broomrape seeds.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“induced secondary dormancy in the remaining 5%”
e1“branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa)”
e2“The effectiveness of solarization, a soil disinfection technique”
Claim · model-written summary
Broomrape shoots in nonsolarized plots reduced tomato growth and fruit production.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- plant growth and fruit productione0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Setting
- nonsolarized plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In nonsolarized plots, broomrape shoots were present at a high density, decreasing plant growth and fruit production”
e1“Tomato”
e2“branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato fruit yield was 133 to 258% higher after solarization.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- solarizede0
- Outcome
- Fruit yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 133 to 258%e0
- Comparator
- nonsolarized treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit yield was 133 to 258% higher in the solarized as compared with the nonsolarized treatment”
e1“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend soil solarization where branched broomrape risk is high.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- soil solarizatione0
- Qualifier
- where the risk of branched broomrape infestation is highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we suggest that soil solarization, which precludes chemical contamination and is suitable for organic farming, is an appropriate technology where the risk of branched broomrape infestation is high”
e1“tomato”
The same questions in other papers
solarization · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
28 papers more in this group
See all 32 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.