Abstract
Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is a viable option for disease management in tomato production and reduces damage due to a soilborne disease complex consisting of Pyrenochaeta lycopersici, Colletotrichum coccodes, Verticillium dahliae , and Meloidogyne spp. There are plentiful options for ASD carbon sources using byproducts of Midwestern United States agriculture or cover crops, yet these carbon sources have not been evaluated for use in Midwestern settings. Low (10.1 Mg/ha) and high (20.2 Mg/ha) rates of corn gluten meal, distillers dried grains, soybean meal, wheat bran, and dry sweet whey were evaluated as ASD carbon sources in growth chamber and greenhouse bioassays. Cover crops including buckwheat, cowpea, crimson clover, mustard, oilseed radish, sorghum-sudangrass, white clover, and winter rye were evaluated in similar bioassays with one amendment rate (20.2 Mg/ha). Reducing conditions developed in soils regardless of carbon source or rate. Use of high rates of corn gluten meal, distillers dried grains, soybean meal, and wheat bran led to the lowest levels of root rot severity compared to non-treated controls. The higher rate of any byproduct carbon source was always more effective than the lower rate in reducing root rot severity. Use of both rates of soybean meal or corn gluten meal and the high rate of distillers dried grains or dry sweet whey led to significant increases in dry root and shoot biomass compared to controls. For cover crops, ASD with crimson clover, sorghum-sudangrass, white clover, or winter rye amendments reduced root rot severity relative to the aerobic control, but not relative to the anaerobic control. Use of cover crops did not significantly impact plant biomass. A subset of three ASD carbon sources [distillers dried grains, soybean meal, and wheat middlings (midds), all 20.2 Mg/ha] were evaluated in five on-farm ASD trials in high tunnels. Soil temperatures were low during the application period, limiting treatment efficacy. Reducing conditions developed in all soils during ASD treatment, and a moderate but significant reduction in root rot severity was observed following ASD with the soybean meal or wheat midds compared to ASD with distillers dried grains. Tomato yield was not significantly affected by ASD treatment.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing conditions developed regardless of carbon source or rate.
- Taxon
- Tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Outcome
- Reducing conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reducing conditions developed in soils regardless of carbon source or rate.”
t0“Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
High rates of corn gluten meal, distillers dried grains, soybean meal, and wheat bran gave the lowest root rot severity.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high rates of corn gluten meal, distillers dried grains, soybean meal, and wheat brane0
- Outcome
- root rot severitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- non-treated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of high rates of corn gluten meal, distillers dried grains, soybean meal, and wheat bran led to the lowest levels of root rot severity compared to non-treated controls.”
t0“Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher byproduct rates reduced root rot more than lower rates.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- higher rate of any byproduct carbon sourcee0
- Outcome
- root rot severitye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- lower ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher rate of any byproduct carbon source was always more effective than the lower rate in reducing root rot severity.”
t0“Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean meal and corn gluten meal at both rates increased dry root and shoot biomass.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- both rates of soybean meal or corn gluten meale0
- Outcome
- dry root and shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of both rates of soybean meal or corn gluten meal and the high rate of distillers dried grains or dry sweet whey led to significant increases in dry root and shoot biomass compared to controls.”
t0“Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
High-rate distillers dried grains and dry sweet whey increased dry root and shoot biomass.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high rate of distillers dried grains or dry sweet wheye0
- Outcome
- dry root and shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of both rates of soybean meal or corn gluten meal and the high rate of distillers dried grains or dry sweet whey led to significant increases in dry root and shoot biomass compared to controls.”
t0“Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Four cover crop amendments reduced root rot relative to aerobic control.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ASD with crimson clover, sorghum-sudangrass, white clover, or winter rye amendmentse0
- Outcome
- root rot severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- aerobic controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ASD with crimson clover, sorghum-sudangrass, white clover, or winter rye amendments reduced root rot severity relative to the aerobic control, but not relative to the anaerobic control.”
t0“Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crop amendments did not reduce root rot relative to anaerobic control.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ASD with crimson clover, sorghum-sudangrass, white clover, or winter rye amendmentse0
- Outcome
- root rot severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- anaerobic controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ASD with crimson clover, sorghum-sudangrass, white clover, or winter rye amendments reduced root rot severity relative to the aerobic control, but not relative to the anaerobic control.”
t0“Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crops did not significantly affect plant biomass.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- cover cropse0
- Outcome
- plant biomasse0
- Direction
- did not significantly impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of cover crops did not significantly impact plant biomass.”
t0“Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Low soil temperatures limited treatment efficacy.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- treatment efficacye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil temperatures were low during the application period, limiting treatment efficacy.”
t0“Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing conditions developed in all ASD-treated soils.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- Reducing conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reducing conditions developed in all soils during ASD treatment”
t0“Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean meal reduced root rot severity relative to distillers dried grains.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ASD with the soybean meale0
- Outcome
- root rot severitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- ASD with distillers dried grainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a moderate but significant reduction in root rot severity was observed following ASD with the soybean meal or wheat midds compared to ASD with distillers dried grains.”
t0“Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat middlings reduced root rot severity relative to distillers dried grains.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- wheat middse0
- Outcome
- root rot severitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- ASD with distillers dried grainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a moderate but significant reduction in root rot severity was observed following ASD with the soybean meal or wheat midds compared to ASD with distillers dried grains.”
t0“Tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
ASD treatment did not significantly affect tomato yield.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- ASD treatmente0
- Outcome
- Tomato yielde0
- Direction
- not significantly affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato yield was not significantly affected by ASD treatment.”
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See all 23 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.