Abstract
Corn steep liquor (CSL) is an industrial waste from corn starch factories. It is a browncolored viscous liquid, which contains many kinds of organic materials and about 3% each of N, P2O5 and K2O. We examined the use of CSL as a liquid fertilizer. Calcium should be supplemented, because its calcium content is not enough for vegetable production. Tomato growth was possible through the application of the immature organic material but only if it was applied in small amounts frequently, within the decomposition ability of the soil. When CSL was applied in appropriate concentrations, plants grew normally : Shoot weight was about 80%, but the root weight was similar to inorganic liquid fertilizer application. Liquid fertilizer caused the change of root distribution : Both types of liquid fertilizer made the roots shallower than the basal dressing in the whole layer of the soil. This caused more water uptake in the surface layer of plant cultivated by liquid fertilizer. Organic liquid fertilizer made the root thicker than that of inorganic fertilizer. Liquid fertilizer application method is effective to reduce residual ions, especially for sulfate, calcium and magnesium, from the soil.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato growth was possible with immature organic material (CSL) only when applied in small amounts frequently, within the soil decomposition ability.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- application of the immature organic materiale1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Qualifier
- only if it was applied in small amounts frequently, within the decomposition ability of the soile1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Plant”
e1“Tomato growth was possible through the application of the immature organic material but only if it was applied in small amounts frequently, within the decomposition ability of the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
When CSL was applied at appropriate concentrations, shoot weight was about 80% of the reference.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- When CSL was applied in appropriate concentrationse2
- Outcome
- Shoot weighte2
- Value
- about 80%e2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Plant”
e2“When CSL was applied in appropriate concentrations, plants grew normally : Shoot weight was about 80%, but the root weight was similar to inorganic liquid fertilizer application”
Claim · model-written summary
When CSL was applied at appropriate concentrations, root weight was similar to that under inorganic liquid fertilizer application.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- When CSL was applied in appropriate concentrationse2
- Outcome
- root weighte2
- Direction
- similare2
- Comparator
- inorganic liquid fertilizer applicatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Plant”
e2“When CSL was applied in appropriate concentrations, plants grew normally : Shoot weight was about 80%, but the root weight was similar to inorganic liquid fertilizer application”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid fertilizer shifted tomato roots to shallower positions than the basal dressing throughout the soil layer.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Liquid fertilizere4
- Outcome
- root distributione4
- Direction
- shallowere4
- Qualifier
- in the whole layer of the soile4
- Comparator
- basal dressinge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Plant”
e4“Liquid fertilizer caused the change of root distribution : Both types of liquid fertilizer made the roots shallower than the basal dressing in the whole layer of the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid fertilizer caused more water uptake in the surface soil layer of tomato plants.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- liquid fertilizere5
- Outcome
- water uptakee5
- Direction
- moree5
- Qualifier
- in the surface layere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Plant”
e5“This caused more water uptake in the surface layer of plant cultivated by liquid fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic liquid fertilizer produced thicker tomato roots than inorganic fertilizer.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Organic liquid fertilizere6
- Outcome
- roote6
- Direction
- thickere6
- Comparator
- inorganic fertilizere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Plant”
e6“Organic liquid fertilizer made the root thicker than that of inorganic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
The liquid fertilizer application method reduced residual sulfate, calcium and magnesium ions in the soil.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Liquid fertilizer application methode7
- Outcome
- residual ionse7
- Direction
- reducee7
- Qualifier
- especially for sulfate, calcium and magnesiume7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Plant”
e7“Liquid fertilizer application method is effective to reduce residual ions, especially for sulfate, calcium and magnesium, from the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium should be supplemented in CSL-based fertilization because its calcium content is insufficient for vegetable production.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- Calcium should be supplementede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Plant”
e1“Calcium should be supplemented, because its calcium content is not enough for vegetable production”
The same questions in other papers
Zea mays subsp. mays · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 9 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.