Abstract
Multiple means of overcoming interspecific competition between transplanted cabbage and interseeded cover crops were studied in field trials conducted from 1995 to 2001. Cover crop species and time of seeding (1995 and 1996), use of supplemental nitrogen (1997 and 1998), and herbicide regulation (1999 and 2001) were evaluated with the objective of integrating soil-improving cover crops into cabbage production while facilitating weed suppression with minimal use of herbicides. Cabbage was cultivated at 10, 10 + 20, or 10 + 20 + 30 d after transplanting (DAT) with or without cover crops (hairy vetch, lana vetch, or oats) sown at the time of the last cultivation. Early interseeding (10 DAT) of all species significantly reduced cabbage yields. Both vetches could be sown 20 or 30 DAT without a yield penalty. However, weed suppression was not consistently greater than cultivation without cover crops. Spring oats were unacceptably competitive, even when sown 30 DAT in some years. With additional nitrogen, cabbage yields were consistently increased, but the increases were not directly related to decreased competition from either weeds or cover crops. The potential for herbicide regulation of cover crops to prevent cabbage yield losses could not be evaluated because cabbage yields were not reduced by cover crops in 1999 and 2001. Although interseeded crops did not generally provide significant in-season weed suppression compared with cultivation alone, the lack of yield penalty and the potential soil-improving qualities of legumes may justify interseeding hairy vetch at 20 DAT in an integrated system.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Early interseeding of all cover crop species reduced cabbage yields.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae0 - Treatment
- Early interseeding (10 DAT)e0
- Outcome
- cabbage yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early interseeding (10 DAT) of all species significantly reduced cabbage yields”
e1“transplanted cabbage and interseeded cover crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Both vetches sown at 20 or 30 DAT caused no cabbage yield penalty.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- Both vetchese0
- Outcome
- yield penaltye0
- Direction
- without a yield penaltye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both vetches could be sown 20 or 30 DAT without a yield penalty”
e1“With additional nitrogen, cabbage yields were consistently increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crops did not consistently improve weed suppression over cultivation alone.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- cover cropse0
- Outcome
- weed suppressione0
- Direction
- not consistently greatere0
- Comparator
- cultivation without cover cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed suppression was not consistently greater than cultivation without cover crops”
e1“cabbage production”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring oats were unacceptably competitive even at 30 DAT in some years.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- Spring oatse0
- Outcome
- unacceptably competitivee0
- Qualifier
- even when sown 30 DAT in some yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spring oats were unacceptably competitive, even when sown 30 DAT in some years”
e1“With additional nitrogen, cabbage yields were consistently increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional nitrogen consistently increased cabbage yields.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- additional nitrogene0
- Outcome
- cabbage yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With additional nitrogen, cabbage yields were consistently increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen-linked yield gains were not directly related to reduced competition from weeds or cover crops.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- the increasese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increases were not directly related to decreased competition from either weeds or cover crops”
e1“With additional nitrogen, cabbage yields were consistently increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide regulation could not be evaluated because cover crops did not reduce cabbage yields in 1999 and 2001.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- cover cropse0
- Outcome
- cabbage yieldse0
- Direction
- not reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cabbage yields were not reduced by cover crops in 1999 and 2001”
Claim · model-written summary
Interseeded crops generally did not significantly improve in-season weed suppression over cultivation alone.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- interseeded cropse0
- Outcome
- in-season weed suppressione0
- Direction
- did not generally providee0
- Comparator
- cultivation alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“interseeded crops did not generally provide significant in-season weed suppression compared with cultivation alone”
e1“cabbage production”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest hairy vetch interseeding at 20 DAT in an integrated cabbage system.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Outcome
- interseeding hairy vetch at 20 DATe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“may justify interseeding hairy vetch at 20 DAT in an integrated system”
e1“cabbage production”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results differ
143 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
160 papers more in this group
See all 164 papers →transplanting · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 40 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
46 papers more in this group
See all 50 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.