Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the direct and residual effects of five pesticides, namely abamectin, bifenthrin, dimethoate, propargite and sulphur against Tetranychus urticae and residual toxicity of these pesticides to Neoseiulus californicus adults. In the laboratory trials, except dimethoate, all the pesticide treatments caused 100% mortality of T. urticae adults within 24–48 hours. When toxicity to eggs was tested, the egg mortality for all pesticide treatments was significantly higher than the control. Except dimethoate, all the pesticides caused >90% egg mortality. In potted bean plants, all the pesticide treatments caused significant mortality of T. urticae populations over control up to 21 days. The residual effects of pesticides were tested on T. urticae and N. californicus using a leaf disc system in the laboratory. Mites were exposed to freshly sprayed leaf disc and after at 3, 7, 14 and 21. Abamectin showed higher efficacy against T. urticae but low toxicity against N. californicus. Residual toxicity of pesticides to N. californicus adults varied but remained toxic to N. californicus longer than to T. urticae. Bifenthrin had the longest residual effect on adults N. californicus, causing mortality of 23% after 21 days; propargite and dimethoate caused <30% mortality after 14 days of exposure.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Abamectin caused 100% adult T. urticae mortality within 24–48 hours.
- Taxon
- beane2
- Treatment
- abamectine1
- Interactor
- T. urticae
.jpg?width=60)
Tetranychus urticaee0pest - Outcome
- mortality of T. urticae adultse0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Comparator
- dimethoatee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“except dimethoate, all the pesticide treatments caused 100% mortality of T. urticae adults within 24–48 hours”
e1“namely abamectin, bifenthrin, dimethoate, propargite and sulphur”
e2“In potted bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Bifenthrin caused 100% adult T. urticae mortality within 24–48 hours.
- Taxon
- beane2
- Treatment
- bifenthrine1
- Interactor
- T. urticaeTetranychus urticaee0pest
- Outcome
- mortality of T. urticae adultse0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Comparator
- dimethoatee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except dimethoate, all the pesticide treatments caused 100% mortality of T. urticae adults within 24–48 hours”
e1“namely abamectin, bifenthrin, dimethoate, propargite and sulphur”
e2“In potted bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Propargite caused 100% adult T. urticae mortality within 24–48 hours.
- Taxon
- beane2
- Treatment
- propargitee1
- Interactor
- T. urticaeTetranychus urticaee0pest
- Outcome
- mortality of T. urticae adultse0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Comparator
- dimethoatee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except dimethoate, all the pesticide treatments caused 100% mortality of T. urticae adults within 24–48 hours”
e1“namely abamectin, bifenthrin, dimethoate, propargite and sulphur”
e2“In potted bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur caused 100% adult T. urticae mortality within 24–48 hours.
- Taxon
- beane2
- Treatment
- sulphure1
- Interactor
- T. urticaeTetranychus urticaee0pest
- Outcome
- mortality of T. urticae adultse0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Comparator
- dimethoatee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except dimethoate, all the pesticide treatments caused 100% mortality of T. urticae adults within 24–48 hours”
e1“namely abamectin, bifenthrin, dimethoate, propargite and sulphur”
e2“In potted bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
All five pesticides caused significantly higher T. urticae egg mortality than control.
- Taxon
- beane2
- Treatment
- all pesticide treatmentse0
- Interactor
- T. urticaeTetranychus urticaee3pest
- Outcome
- egg mortalitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the egg mortality for all pesticide treatments was significantly higher than the control”
e1“namely abamectin, bifenthrin, dimethoate, propargite and sulphur”
e2“In potted bean plants”
e3“T. urticae adults within 24–48 hours”
Claim · model-written summary
Except dimethoate, the pesticides caused more than 90% egg mortality.
- Taxon
- beane1
- Treatment
- all the pesticidese0
- Interactor
- T. urticaeTetranychus urticaee2pest
- Outcome
- egg mortalitye0
- Value
- >90%e0
- Comparator
- dimethoatee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Except dimethoate, all the pesticides caused >90% egg mortality”
e1“In potted bean plants”
e2“T. urticae adults within 24–48 hours”
Claim · model-written summary
All pesticide treatments significantly increased T. urticae mortality over control on potted bean plants through day 21.
- Taxon
- beane0
- Treatment
- all the pesticide treatmentse0
- Interactor
- T. urticaeTetranychus urticaee0pest
- Outcome
- mortality of T. urticae populationse0
- Direction
- overe0
- Qualifier
- up to 21 dayse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In potted bean plants, all the pesticide treatments caused significant mortality of T. urticae populations over control up to 21 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Abamectin had higher efficacy against T. urticae and low toxicity against N. californicus.
- Taxon
- beane1
- Treatment
- Abamectine0
- Interactor
- T. urticaeTetranychus urticaee0pest
- Second interactor
- N. californicus
Neoseiulus californicuse0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- efficacy against T. urticaee0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Abamectin showed higher efficacy against T. urticae but low toxicity against N. californicus”
e1“In potted bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Pesticide residues remained toxic to N. californicus longer than to T. urticae.
- Taxon
- beane1
- Interactor
- N. californicusNeoseiulus californicuse0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- T. urticaeTetranychus urticaee0pest
- Outcome
- toxic to N. californicuse0
- Direction
- longere0
- Comparator
- T. urticaee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Residual toxicity of pesticides to N. californicus adults varied but remained toxic to N. californicus longer than to T. urticae”
e1“In potted bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Bifenthrin had the longest residual effect on adult N. californicus, causing 23% mortality after 21 days.
- Taxon
- beane1
- Treatment
- Bifenthrine0
- Interactor
- N. californicusNeoseiulus californicuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- longeste0
- Value
- 23%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bifenthrin had the longest residual effect on adults N. californicus, causing mortality of 23% after 21 days”
e1“In potted bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Propargite caused less than 30% N. californicus mortality after 14 days.
- Taxon
- beane2
- Treatment
- propargitee0
- Interactor
- N. californicusNeoseiulus californicuse1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Value
- <30%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“propargite and dimethoate caused <30% mortality after 14 days of exposure”
e1“N. californicus adults”
e2“In potted bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Dimethoate caused less than 30% N. californicus mortality after 14 days.
- Taxon
- beane2
- Treatment
- dimethoatee0
- Interactor
- N. californicusNeoseiulus californicuse1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Value
- <30%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“propargite and dimethoate caused <30% mortality after 14 days of exposure”
e1“N. californicus adults”
e2“In potted bean plants”
The same questions in other papers
sulfur atom · Tetranychus urticae · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
abamectin · Tetranychus urticae · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
insecticide · Tetranychus urticae · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.