Abstract
To study the effect of intercropping on biomasses of maize, the intercrops i.e. mungbean, cowpea and sesbania, and weeds. The experiments were conducted at the New Developmental Farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design with split plots arrangements in such a way that the herbicidal and non herbicidal treatments were kept in the main plots; whereas the subplots comprised of 10 treatments of intercropping including 1-row-maize : 1-row-cowpea, 1-row-maize : 1-row-mungbean, 1-row-maize : 1row-sesbania, 1-row-maize : 2-rows-cowpea, 1-row-maize : 2rows-sesbania, 1-row-maize : 2-cowpea, sole maize (M), sole cowpea (C), sole sesbania and sole mungbean. The years, herbicide use, intercropping and their interactions all significantly affected the maize biomass, weed fresh biomass, mungbean biomass, sesbania biomass and cowpea biomass (kg ha -1 ). The mean weed biomass in 2013 was higher than 2012. In contrary, the biomasses of maize, mungbean, cowpea and sesbania were higher in 2012. For the effect of the herbicide use, the weed biomass was lower in the herbicidal treatments during both the years. However, the biomasses of the associated crops were higher in the plots treated with the herbicide pendimethalin as pre-emergence. As far as the intercropping effect is concerned, the weed biomass was highest in the sole crops as compared to the plots where intercropping was done. Minimum weed biomass was obtained in plots where 10 rows of mungbean were intercropped with six rows of maize. The sole treatments had the highest respective crop biomass i.e. maize, mungbean, cowpea and sesbania had their highest biomasses in their sole treatments. In conclusion, the weed biomass is reduced by increasing the crop population and diversity and also by the use of pendimethalin. In addition, the crop biomass is better when the intercropping is done with a ratio of one maize row and one row of the intercrop. Therefore, the integration of the pre-emergence herbicide (pendimethalin) with the intercropping of legumes with maize in a 1:1 will be an effective approach for weed suppression, and higher crop biomass.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Years, herbicide use, intercropping and their interactions significantly affected maize, weed and legume biomass
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the effect of intercropping on biomasses of maize”
e1“The years, herbicide use, intercropping and their interactions all significantly affected the maize biomass, weed fresh biomass, mungbean biomass, sesbania biomass and cowpea biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean weed biomass in 2013 was higher than in 2012 in maize
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the effect of intercropping on biomasses of maize”
e1“The mean weed biomass in 2013 was higher than 2012”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomasses of maize, mungbean, cowpea and sesbania were higher in 2012 than in 2013
- Taxon
- maize, mungbean, cowpea and sesbania
Sesbania
Vigna unguiculata
Zea mays.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatae0 - Outcome
- biomassese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- 2012e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In contrary, the biomasses of maize, mungbean, cowpea and sesbania were higher in 2012”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicidal treatments reduced weed biomass in both years
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the effect of intercropping on biomasses of maize”
e1“the weed biomass was lower in the herbicidal treatments during both the years”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-emergence pendimethalin increased the biomass of the associated crops
- Treatment
- herbicide pendimethalin as pre-emergencee1
- Outcome
- biomasses of the associated cropse1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the effect of intercropping on biomasses of maize”
e1“the biomasses of the associated crops were higher in the plots treated with the herbicide pendimethalin as pre-emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed biomass was highest in sole crops compared with intercropped plots
- Treatment
- sole cropse1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- plots where intercropping was donee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the effect of intercropping on biomasses of maize”
e1“the weed biomass was highest in the sole crops as compared to the plots where intercropping was done”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum weed biomass was obtained where 10 rows of mungbean were intercropped with six rows of maize
- Treatment
- 10 rows of mungbean were intercropped with six rows of maizee1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse1
- Direction
- Minimume1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the effect of intercropping on biomasses of maize”
e1“Minimum weed biomass was obtained in plots where 10 rows of mungbean were intercropped with six rows of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole treatments had the highest biomass of maize, mungbean, cowpea and sesbania
- Taxon
- maize, mungbean, cowpea and sesbaniaSesbaniaVigna unguiculataZea maysVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- sole treatmentse0
- Outcome
- crop biomasse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The sole treatments had the highest respective crop biomass i.e. maize, mungbean, cowpea and sesbania had their highest biomasses in their sole treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing crop population and diversity, and pendimethalin use, reduced weed biomass
- Treatment
- increasing the crop population and diversitye1
- Interactor
- weede1weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the effect of intercropping on biomasses of maize”
e1“the weed biomass is reduced by increasing the crop population and diversity and also by the use of pendimethalin”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop biomass was better when maize was intercropped with the legume in a 1:1 row ratio
- Treatment
- the intercropping is done with a ratio of one maize row and one row of the intercrope1
- Outcome
- crop biomasse1
- Direction
- bettere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the effect of intercropping on biomasses of maize”
e1“the crop biomass is better when the intercropping is done with a ratio of one maize row and one row of the intercrop”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin combined with 1:1 maize-legume intercropping is an effective approach for weed suppression and higher crop biomass
- Treatment
- integration of the pre-emergence herbicide (pendimethalin) with the intercropping of legumes with maize in a 1:1e1
- Outcome
- weed suppression, and higher crop biomasse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To study the effect of intercropping on biomasses of maize”
e1“the integration of the pre-emergence herbicide (pendimethalin) with the intercropping of legumes with maize in a 1:1 will be an effective approach for weed suppression, and higher crop biomass”
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