Abstract
To determine Xylocopa olivacea impact and Rhizobium on Vigna unguiculata , field trials were carried out in 2011 and 2012 during the same cropping season. Hence, 480 flowers were labeled each year and divided into five treatments, differentiated according to whether plots were inoculated with Rhizobium or not, or plants were protected from insects activities or not and the last treatment with flowers isolated then opened only to X. olivacea. The effects of inoculums on nodulation, plant biomass and seed yield, as well as the foraging behavior of X. olivacea on flowers, the number of seeds per pod and the normal seeds rate were evaluated. Results indicate that inoculation significantly increased the number of flowers (p<0.0001), root nodules (p<0.001), plant biomass (p<0.0001), pod and seeds yields in inoculated plots. X. olivacea foraged on V. unguiculata flowers from 06.00 am to 11.00 am and throughout the whole blooming period. X. olivacea intensely harvested nectar and pollen. By comparing the yields of unprotected flowers to those of flowers isolated then open to X. olivacea, 67.89 % increase fructification index, and 13.58 % increase in the number of seeds per pod due to this bee were recorded. The synergistic activity of insects and Rhizobium increased the number of seeds per pod by 62.28 % and the percentage of normal seeds by 87.15%. Our results reveal that inoculation of cowpea plant at sowing with Rhizobium and installation of X. olivacea nest close to the field could be recommended for a sustainable pods and seed yield improvement of this crop.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium inoculation significantly increased flower number.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- number of flowerse0
- Direction
- increasede0
RhizobiumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation significantly increased the number of flowers (p<0.0001)”
t0“Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (Fabaceae)as influenced by the foraging activity of Xylocopa olivacea Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and inoculation with Rhizobium”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium inoculation significantly increased root nodules.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- root nodulese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation significantly increased the number of flowers (p<0.0001), root nodules (p<0.001)”
t0“Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (Fabaceae)as influenced by the foraging activity of Xylocopa olivacea Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and inoculation with Rhizobium”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium inoculation significantly increased plant biomass.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- plant biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation significantly increased the number of flowers (p<0.0001), root nodules (p<0.001), plant biomass (p<0.0001)”
t0“Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (Fabaceae)as influenced by the foraging activity of Xylocopa olivacea Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and inoculation with Rhizobium”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium inoculation increased pod and seed yields.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- pod and seeds yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation significantly increased the number of flowers (p<0.0001), root nodules (p<0.001), plant biomass (p<0.0001), pod and seeds yields in inoculated plots”
t0“Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (Fabaceae)as influenced by the foraging activity of Xylocopa olivacea Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and inoculation with Rhizobium”
Claim · model-written summary
X. olivacea foraged on cowpea flowers from 06.00 am to 11.00 am throughout blooming.
- Taxon
- V. unguiculataVigna unguiculatae0
- Interactor
- X. olivacea
Xylocopa olivaceae0pollinator - Outcome
- foraged on V. unguiculata flowerse0
- Value
- 06.00 am to 11.00 ame0
- Qualifier
- throughout the whole blooming periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“X. olivacea foraged on V. unguiculata flowers from 06.00 am to 11.00 am and throughout the whole blooming period”
Claim · model-written summary
X. olivacea intensely harvested nectar and pollen.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Interactor
- X. olivaceaXylocopa olivaceae0pollinator
- Outcome
- harvested nectar and pollene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“X. olivacea intensely harvested nectar and pollen”
t0“Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (Fabaceae)as influenced by the foraging activity of Xylocopa olivacea Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and inoculation with Rhizobium”
Claim · model-written summary
X. olivacea exposure increased the fructification index by 67.89% relative to unprotected flowers.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- flowers isolated then open to X. olivaceae0
- Interactor
- X. olivaceaXylocopa olivaceae0pollinator
- Outcome
- fructification indexe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 67.89 %e0
- Comparator
- unprotected flowerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By comparing the yields of unprotected flowers to those of flowers isolated then open to X. olivacea, 67.89 % increase fructification index”
t0“Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (Fabaceae)as influenced by the foraging activity of Xylocopa olivacea Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and inoculation with Rhizobium”
Claim · model-written summary
X. olivacea exposure increased seeds per pod by 13.58%.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- flowers isolated then open to X. olivaceae0
- Interactor
- X. olivaceaXylocopa olivaceae0pollinator
- Outcome
- number of seeds per pode0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 13.58 %e0
- Comparator
- unprotected flowerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By comparing the yields of unprotected flowers to those of flowers isolated then open to X. olivacea, 67.89 % increase fructification index, and 13.58 % increase in the number of seeds per pod due to this bee”
t0“Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (Fabaceae)as influenced by the foraging activity of Xylocopa olivacea Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and inoculation with Rhizobium”
Claim · model-written summary
Insects with Rhizobium increased seeds per pod by 62.28%.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- synergistic activity of insects and Rhizobiume0
- Outcome
- number of seeds per pode0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 62.28 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The synergistic activity of insects and Rhizobium increased the number of seeds per pod by 62.28 %”
t0“Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (Fabaceae)as influenced by the foraging activity of Xylocopa olivacea Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and inoculation with Rhizobium”
Claim · model-written summary
Insects with Rhizobium increased normal seed percentage by 87.15%.
- Taxon
- Vigna unguiculataVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- synergistic activity of insects and Rhizobiume0
- Outcome
- percentage of normal seedse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 87.15%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The synergistic activity of insects and Rhizobium increased the number of seeds per pod by 62.28 % and the percentage of normal seeds by 87.15%”
t0“Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (Fabaceae)as influenced by the foraging activity of Xylocopa olivacea Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and inoculation with Rhizobium”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend sowing-time Rhizobium inoculation and X. olivacea nests near fields to improve pod and seed yield.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Interactor
- X. olivaceaXylocopa olivaceae0pollinator
- Outcome
- inoculation of cowpea plant at sowing with Rhizobium and installation of X. olivacea nest close to the fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of cowpea plant at sowing with Rhizobium and installation of X. olivacea nest close to the field could be recommended for a sustainable pods and seed yield improvement”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Rhizobium · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.