Abstract
The study was designed to evaluate the nutritional and anti-nutritional content Legumes and vegetables consumed in Adamawa state. The investigations were carried out on Proximate (Moisture, fibre, Ash, Protein, Nitrogen, fat, carbohydrate and Energy), mineral elements (Na, K, Zn, Cu, Pb and Mn, respectively). Vitamins (vitamin A (retinol), &beta-carotene, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin B1 and Vitamin B B2 and Anti-ntrient composition (phytate, oxalate and Tannins). The percentage moisture ranges between 4.28% for baobab leaves to 12.78% in sesame leaves. Legumes contained higher protein contents, the highest was observed in legumes (ground nut) with 25.40% the percentage for fat and carbohydrates were higher in legumes than in vegetables. Zinc was higher in vegetables (senna leaves and sesame leaves) (5.90 mg/kg) and was absent in one of the legumes (cowpea, red). Lead was only detected in vegetable leaves. It was higher in Sesame leaves with 2.0 mg/kg, lead was not detected in all the other sample used for this research. Vitamin A was only detected in vegetable samples and some legume (cowpea), the values ranges between 7.46 to 37.42 &mu g/100 g in senna leaves and cowpea (red) respectively. Vitamin C was not detected in the vegetable samples, but was detected in legume samples. Vitamin B B1 is higher in vegetable samples (baobab) with 1.32 mg/100 g. Riboflavin (B B2) was higher in sesame leaves with 1.01 mg/100 g. The values for phytate ranges between 0.03 mg/100 g in baobab and sesame leaves condiment sample to 5.33 mg/100 g in legume (cowpea, red) respectively. Legumes and vegetables investigated revealed that the anti-nutrient contents were very high especially Oxalate and tannins but lower in phytate.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Baobab leaves had 4.28% moisture, versus 12.78% in sesame leaves.
- Taxon
- baobab
Adansonia digitatae0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- moisturee0
- Value
- 4.28%e0
- Qualifier
- 12.78%e0
- Comparator
- sesame leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage moisture ranges between 4.28% for baobab leaves to 12.78% in sesame leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ground nut had the highest protein content among the legumes, at 25.40%.
- Taxon
- ground nut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Outcome
- proteine0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 25.40%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Legumes contained higher protein contents, the highest was observed in legumes (ground nut) with 25.40%”
Claim · model-written summary
Fat and carbohydrate percentages were higher in legumes than vegetables.
Verbatim
e0“the percentage for fat and carbohydrates were higher in legumes than in vegetables”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc content was higher in senna and sesame leaves, at 5.90 mg/kg.
- Taxon
- senna leaves and sesame leaves
Sesamum indicum
Sennae0 - Outcome
- Zince0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5.90 mg/kge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc was higher in vegetables (senna leaves and sesame leaves) (5.90 mg/kg)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc was absent from red cowpea.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc was higher in vegetables (senna leaves and sesame leaves) (5.90 mg/kg) and was absent in one of the legumes (cowpea, red).”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead was detected only in vegetable leaves.
Verbatim
e0“Lead was only detected in vegetable leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesame leaves had the highest reported lead content, 2.0 mg/kg.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was higher in Sesame leaves with 2.0 mg/kg”
e1“Lead was only detected in vegetable leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vitamin A was detected only in vegetables and some cowpea samples.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Outcome
- Vitamin A was only detectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitamin A was only detected in vegetable samples and some legume (cowpea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Senna leaves had a reported vitamin A value of 7.46 μg/100 g.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the values ranges between 7.46 to 37.42 &mu g/100 g in senna leaves and cowpea (red) respectively”
e1“Vitamin A was only detected in vegetable samples and some legume (cowpea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Red cowpea had a reported vitamin A value of 37.42 μg/100 g.
- Taxon
- cowpea (red)Vigna unguiculatae0
- Outcome
- Vitamin Ae1
- Value
- 37.42 &mu g/100 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the values ranges between 7.46 to 37.42 &mu g/100 g in senna leaves and cowpea (red) respectively”
e1“Vitamin A was only detected in vegetable samples and some legume (cowpea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vitamin C was absent from vegetable samples but detected in legumes.
Verbatim
e0“Vitamin C was not detected in the vegetable samples, but was detected in legume samples.”
Claim · model-written summary
Baobab samples had higher vitamin B1 content, at 1.32 mg/100 g.
- Taxon
- baobabAdansonia digitatae0
- Outcome
- Vitamin B B1e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.32 mg/100 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitamin B B1 is higher in vegetable samples (baobab) with 1.32 mg/100 g.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesame leaves had higher riboflavin content, at 1.01 mg/100 g.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- Riboflavin (B B2)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.01 mg/100 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Riboflavin (B B2) was higher in sesame leaves with 1.01 mg/100 g.”
Claim · model-written summary
Baobab and sesame leaf condiment samples had phytate content of 0.03 mg/100 g.
- Taxon
- baobab and sesameSesamum indicumAdansonia digitatae0
- Outcome
- phytatee0
- Value
- 0.03 mg/100 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The values for phytate ranges between 0.03 mg/100 g in baobab and sesame leaves condiment sample to 5.33 mg/100 g in legume (cowpea, red) respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Red cowpea had phytate content of 5.33 mg/100 g.
Verbatim
e0“The values for phytate ranges between 0.03 mg/100 g in baobab and sesame leaves condiment sample to 5.33 mg/100 g in legume (cowpea, red) respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The investigated legumes and vegetables had very high oxalate and tannin contents but lower phytate content.
Verbatim
e0“Legumes and vegetables investigated revealed that the anti-nutrient contents were very high especially Oxalate and tannins but lower in phytate.”